Physical Review A

Observation of blue satellite bands and photoassociation at ultracold temperatures

Marin Pichler, Jianbing Qi, William C. Stwalley, Robert Beuc, Goran Pichler

Published Feb 15, 2006• 5 citations

Abstract

We have observed atomic line self-broadening of Cs near $7{P}_{3∕2}$ and $7{P}_{1∕2}$ atomic lines at ultracold temperatures using a magneto-optical trap and resonant ionization detection. We have observed blue satellite band features at detunings of 560 and $800\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$, respectively, as well as sharp hyperfine-split photoassociative spectra on the red wings of each line and also on the blue wings. Possible explanations of these features are discussed.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.73.021403

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Blue Satellite Bands and Photoassociation Spectra of Ultracold Cesium

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PHOTOASSOCIATIVE SPECTROSCOPY OF $Cs_{2}$ MOLECULE

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PHOTOASSOCIATION OF ULTRACOLD ATOMS: A NEW TOOL FOR MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

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Jan 1, 19980 citations

The relationship of photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold atoms to atomic line broadening

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Observation of hyperfine interaction in photoassociation spectra of ultracold RbYb

Cristian Bruni, Axel Görlitz

Physical Review AAug 3, 201615 citations

Physical Review A

Observation of blue satellite bands and photoassociation at ultracold temperatures

Marin Pichler, Jianbing Qi, William C. Stwalley, Robert Beuc, Goran Pichler

Published Feb 15, 2006• 5 citations

Publisher

Abstract

We have observed atomic line self-broadening of Cs near

7{P}_{3∕2}

and

7{P}_{1∕2}

atomic lines at ultracold temperatures using a magneto-optical trap and resonant ionization detection. We have observed blue satellite band features at detunings of 560 and

800\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}

, respectively, as well as sharp hyperfine-split photoassociative spectra on the red wings of each line and also on the blue wings. Possible explanations of these features are discussed.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.73.021403

Related papers

Blue Satellite Bands and Photoassociation Spectra of Ultracold Cesium

Marin Pichler, Jainbing Qi, William C. Stwalley +2 more

Atomic line self‐broadening was observed in ultracold cesium. Using resonant ionization detection we were able to photoassociate atoms into excited states of ultracold molecules below the second excited PJ atomic asymptotes Cs(6S1/2) + Cs(7P1/2) and Cs(6S1/2) + Cs(7P3/2). We were able to observe blue detuned satellite band features at 560 MHz and 800 MHz above the 7P1/2 and 7P3/2 atomic limits, respectively, as well as sharp hyperfine split features on the blue and red side of the atomic resonances. Such spectral features can be qualitatively supported by the local maxima in the long range molecular structure beyond 50 Å.Atomic line self‐broadening was observed in ultracold cesium. Using resonant ionization detection we were able to photoassociate atoms into excited states of ultracold molecules below the second excited PJ atomic asymptotes Cs(6S1/2) + Cs(7P1/2) and Cs(6S1/2) + Cs(7P3/2). We were able to observe blue detuned satellite band features at 560 MHz and 800 MHz above the 7P1/2 and 7P3/2 atomic limits, respectively, as well as sharp hyperfine split features on the blue and red side of the atomic resonances. Such spectral features can be qualitatively supported by the local maxima in the long range molecular structure beyond 50 Å.

AIP conference proceedingsJan 1, 20062 citations

PHOTOASSOCIATIVE SPECTROSCOPY OF $Cs_{2}$ MOLECULEPHOTOASSOCIATIVE SPECTROSCOPY OF $Cs_{2}$ MOLECULE

P. Pillet, A. Fioretti, D. Comparat +5 more

We report the spectroscopy of molecular $1_{g}, 0^{+}_{u}, 0^{-}_{g}$ and $1_{u}$ state potentials below the dissociattion limit $6s^{2}S_{1/2}+6p^{2}P_{3/2}$ by using the molecular photoassociation technique of cold Cs atoms, in a vapor-cell magneto-optical trap. The $1_{g}$ and $0^{+}_{g}$ states are detected by trap losses. The $0^{-}_{g}$ and $1_{u}$ states, which lead to the formation of cold molecules [1], are detected by photoionizing them into $Cs_{2}^{+}$ and detecting with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, while the $l_{g}$ and $0^{+}_{u}$ states are detected by trap losses. We give the spectra of the whole series $0^{-}_{g}$ and $1_{u}$ . The $0^{-}_{g}$ series is analyzed in a RKR approach and the hyperfine structure of the $1_{u}$ series will be discussed. The observed modulation of intensities of the lines is due to Franck Condon factors characterizing the photoassociative transition between the initial state of two free atoms and the finalro-vibrational level. The intensity modulation can give access to the scattering lengths of the ground state. This possibility will be discussed.We report the spectroscopy of molecular $1_{g}, 0^{+}_{u}, 0^{-}_{g}$ and $1_{u}$ state potentials below the dissociattion limit $6s^{2}S_{1/2}+6p^{2}P_{3/2}$ by using the molecular photoassociation technique of cold Cs atoms, in a vapor-cell magneto-optical trap. The $1_{g}$ and $0^{+}_{g}$ states are detected by trap losses. The $0^{-}_{g}$ and $1_{u}$ states, which lead to the formation of cold molecules [1], are detected by photoionizing them into $Cs_{2}^{+}$ and detecting with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, while the $l_{g}$ and $0^{+}_{u}$ states are detected by trap losses. We give the spectra of the whole series $0^{-}_{g}$ and $1_{u}$. The $0^{-}_{g}$ series is analyzed in a RKR approach and the hyperfine structure of the $1_{u}$ series will be discussed. The observed modulation of intensities of the lines is due to Franck Condon factors characterizing the photoassociative transition between the initial state of two free atoms and the finalro-vibrational level. The intensity modulation can give access to the scattering lengths of the ground state. This possibility will be discussed.

Jan 1, 19980 citations

PHOTOASSOCIATION OF ULTRACOLD ATOMS: A NEW TOOL FOR MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

William C. Stwalley

The field of laser cooling and trapping of atoms has had a profound impact on many areas of atomic, molecular and optical science. In particular, ultracold atoms colliding in magneto-optical traps typically have relative kinetic energies of $300\\mu K (\\sim 7 MHz)$ , so free-bound absorption lines are as sharp as bound-bound lines. Moreover, because of very long range centrifugal barriers, only a few collisional partial waves are important ( $J^{\\prime\\prime} = 0, 1$ and 2 in our work on $^{39}K$ ). Such photoassociative free-bound absorption allows observation of ``pure long-range molecule'' states ( $R_{e} = 28$ and 39 {\\AA} in $^{39}K_{2}$ ) as well as long-range levels of known short range states with outer classical turning points of $\\sim 20 - 250 {\\AA}$ . Such spectra have been observed by ``trap loss'' (decrease in atomic fluorescence), molecular ionization, and fragment ionization. Optical-optical double resonance (OODR), e.g. through the ``Franck-Condon windows'' of the ``pure long-range'' states, produces readily assignable spectra at higher asymptotes as well. Further extensions of ultracold photoassociative spectroscopy and applications to determination of long range potentials, atomic properties, and Bose-Einstein condensate stability will be presented.The field of laser cooling and trapping of atoms has had a profound impact on many areas of atomic, molecular and optical science. In particular, ultracold atoms colliding in magneto-optical traps typically have relative kinetic energies of $300\\mu K (\\sim 7 MHz)$, so free-bound absorption lines are as sharp as bound-bound lines. Moreover, because of very long range centrifugal barriers, only a few collisional partial waves are important ($J^{\\prime\\prime} = 0, 1$ and 2 in our work on $^{39}K$). Such photoassociative free-bound absorption allows observation of ``pure long-range molecule'' states ($R_{e} = 28$ and 39 {\\AA} in $^{39}K_{2}$) as well as long-range levels of known short range states with outer classical turning points of $\\sim 20 - 250 {\\AA}$. Such spectra have been observed by ``trap loss'' (decrease in atomic fluorescence), molecular ionization, and fragment ionization. Optical-optical double resonance (OODR), e.g. through the ``Franck-Condon windows'' of the ``pure long-range'' states, produces readily assignable spectra at higher asymptotes as well. Further extensions of ultracold photoassociative spectroscopy and applications to determination of long range potentials, atomic properties, and Bose-Einstein condensate stability will be presented.

Jan 1, 19980 citations

The relationship of photoassociative spectroscopy of ultracold atoms to atomic line broadening

William C. Stwalley

The cooling and trapping of atoms and atomic ions is a rapidly advancing field of fundamental science (e.g., Bose-Einstein condensation). We are attempting to extend the field to neutral molecules as well. As a first step, we are studying single- and multicolor photoassociation of ultracold (∼300 μK) 39K atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. Photoassociation of ultracold atoms (as opposed to thermal atoms) includes sharp resonances with wavelength as long-range rovibrational levels (outer turning points of tens or hundreds of Bohr) are accessed from colliding atomic pairs with ∼10 MHz of relative kinetic energy and only a few partial waves (l=0,1,2). Potential energy curves derived from these spectra test electronic structure and long-range perturbation theory calculations of interatomic potentials. In particular, such studies yield the full set of potential energy curves needed for fully quantum calculations of atomic line broadening at any temperature.The cooling and trapping of atoms and atomic ions is a rapidly advancing field of fundamental science (e.g., Bose-Einstein condensation). We are attempting to extend the field to neutral molecules as well. As a first step, we are studying single- and multicolor photoassociation of ultracold (∼300 μK) 39K atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. Photoassociation of ultracold atoms (as opposed to thermal atoms) includes sharp resonances with wavelength as long-range rovibrational levels (outer turning points of tens or hundreds of Bohr) are accessed from colliding atomic pairs with ∼10 MHz of relative kinetic energy and only a few partial waves (l=0,1,2). Potential energy curves derived from these spectra test electronic structure and long-range perturbation theory calculations of interatomic potentials. In particular, such studies yield the full set of potential energy curves needed for fully quantum calculations of atomic line broadening at any temperature.

AIP conference proceedingsJan 1, 20010 citations

Photoassociative Spectroscopy at Long Range in Ultracold Strontium

Sarah Nagel, Pascal G. Mickelson, A. D. Saenz +5 more

We report photoassociative spectroscopy of ${^{88}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r}}_{2}$ in a magneto-optical trap operating on the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{3}P_{1}$ intercombination line at 689 nm. Photoassociative transitions are driven with a laser red detuned by 600--2400 MHz from the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{1}P_{1}$ atomic resonance at 461 nm. Photoassociation takes place at extremely large internuclear separation, and the photoassociative spectrum is strongly affected by relativistic retardation. A fit of the transition frequencies determines the $^{1}P_{1}$ atomic lifetime ($\ensuremath{\tau}=5.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}$) and resolves a discrepancy between experiment and recent theoretical calculations.We report photoassociative spectroscopy of ${^{88}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r}}_{2}$ in a magneto-optical trap operating on the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{3}P_{1}$ intercombination line at 689 nm. Photoassociative transitions are driven with a laser red detuned by 600--2400 MHz from the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{1}P_{1}$ atomic resonance at 461 nm. Photoassociation takes place at extremely large internuclear separation, and the photoassociative spectrum is strongly affected by relativistic retardation. A fit of the transition frequencies determines the $^{1}P_{1}$ atomic lifetime ($\ensuremath{\tau}=5.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}$) and resolves a discrepancy between experiment and recent theoretical calculations.

arXiv:physics/0410030Physical Review LettersMar 3, 200569 citations

Observation of hyperfine interaction in photoassociation spectra of ultracold RbYb

Cristian Bruni, Axel Görlitz

We report on the creation of ultracold heteronuclear and electronically excited Rb*Yb molecules in a hybrid conservative trap by photoassociation of ultracold $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{176}\mathrm{Yb}$ . The molecules are formed below the ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{5\mathit{p}1}(^{2}P_{1/2})+{\mathrm{Yb}}_{6\mathit{s}2}(^{1}S_{0})$ dissociation limit and the resonances are detected using trap-loss spectroscopy. By addressing vibrational levels with binding energies down to ${E}_{B}=\ensuremath{-}h\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2.2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{THz}$, we study the change in hyperfine coupling of the diatomic molecule as a function of internuclear separation. We observe a decreasing hyperfine splitting for more tightly bound excited molecular states where the hyperfine splitting is reduced by more than $30%$ compared to the atomic value for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ .We report on the creation of ultracold heteronuclear and electronically excited Rb*Yb molecules in a hybrid conservative trap by photoassociation of ultracold $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{176}\mathrm{Yb}$. The molecules are formed below the ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{5\mathit{p}1}(^{2}P_{1/2})+{\mathrm{Yb}}_{6\mathit{s}2}(^{1}S_{0})$ dissociation limit and the resonances are detected using trap-loss spectroscopy. By addressing vibrational levels with binding energies down to ${E}_{B}=\ensuremath{-}h\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2.2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{THz}$, we study the change in hyperfine coupling of the diatomic molecule as a function of internuclear separation. We observe a decreasing hyperfine splitting for more tightly bound excited molecular states where the hyperfine splitting is reduced by more than $30%$ compared to the atomic value for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$.

Physical Review AAug 3, 201615 citations

We have observed atomic line self-broadening of Cs near

7{P}_{3∕2}

and

7{P}_{1∕2}

atomic lines at ultracold temperatures using a magneto-optical trap and resonant ionization detection. We have observed blue satellite band features at detunings of 560 and

800\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}

, respectively, as well as sharp hyperfine-split photoassociative spectra on the red wings of each line and also on the blue wings. Possible explanations of these features are discussed.

PHOTOASSOCIATIVE SPECTROSCOPY OF

Cs_{2}

MOLECULE

We report the spectroscopy of molecular

1_{g}, 0^{+}_{u}, 0^{-}_{g}

and

1_{u}

state potentials below the dissociattion limit

6s^{2}S_{1/2}+6p^{2}P_{3/2}

by using the molecular photoassociation technique of cold Cs atoms, in a vapor-cell magneto-optical trap. The

1_{g}

and

0^{+}_{g}

states are detected by trap losses. The

0^{-}_{g}

and

1_{u}

states, which lead to the formation of cold molecules [1], are detected by photoionizing them into

Cs_{2}^{+}

and detecting with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, while the

l_{g}

and

0^{+}_{u}

states are detected by trap losses. We give the spectra of the whole series

0^{-}_{g}

and

1_{u}

. The

0^{-}_{g}

series is analyzed in a RKR approach and the hyperfine structure of the

1_{u}

series will be discussed. The observed modulation of intensities of the lines is due to Franck Condon factors characterizing the photoassociative transition between the initial state of two free atoms and the finalro-vibrational level. The intensity modulation can give access to the scattering lengths of the ground state. This possibility will be discussed.

300\\mu K (\\sim 7 MHz)

, so free-bound absorption lines are as sharp as bound-bound lines. Moreover, because of very long range centrifugal barriers, only a few collisional partial waves are important (

J^{\\prime\\prime} = 0, 1

and 2 in our work on

^{39}K

). Such photoassociative free-bound absorption allows observation of ``pure long-range molecule'' states (

R_{e} = 28

and 39 {\\AA} in

^{39}K_{2}

) as well as long-range levels of known short range states with outer classical turning points of

\\sim 20 - 250 {\\AA}

. Such spectra have been observed by ``trap loss'' (decrease in atomic fluorescence), molecular ionization, and fragment ionization. Optical-optical double resonance (OODR), e.g. through the ``Franck-Condon windows'' of the ``pure long-range'' states, produces readily assignable spectra at higher asymptotes as well. Further extensions of ultracold photoassociative spectroscopy and applications to determination of long range potentials, atomic properties, and Bose-Einstein condensate stability will be presented.

We report photoassociative spectroscopy of

{^{88}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{r}}_{2}

in a magneto-optical trap operating on the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{3}P_{1}$ intercombination line at 689 nm. Photoassociative transitions are driven with a laser red detuned by 600--2400 MHz from the $^{1}S_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{1}P_{1}$ atomic resonance at 461 nm. Photoassociation takes place at extremely large internuclear separation, and the photoassociative spectrum is strongly affected by relativistic retardation. A fit of the transition frequencies determines the

^{1}P_{1}

atomic lifetime ($\ensuremath{\tau}=5.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{n}\mathrm{s}$) and resolves a discrepancy between experiment and recent theoretical calculations.

We report on the creation of ultracold heteronuclear and electronically excited Rb*Yb molecules in a hybrid conservative trap by photoassociation of ultracold

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

and

^{176}\mathrm{Yb}

. The molecules are formed below the

{\mathrm{Rb}}_{5\mathit{p}1}(^{2}P_{1/2})+{\mathrm{Yb}}_{6\mathit{s}2}(^{1}S_{0})

dissociation limit and the resonances are detected using trap-loss spectroscopy. By addressing vibrational levels with binding energies down to ${E}_{B}=\ensuremath{-}h\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2.2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{THz}$, we study the change in hyperfine coupling of the diatomic molecule as a function of internuclear separation. We observe a decreasing hyperfine splitting for more tightly bound excited molecular states where the hyperfine splitting is reduced by more than

30%

compared to the atomic value for

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}