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AIP conference proceedings

Blue Satellite Bands and Photoassociation Spectra of Ultracold Cesium

Marin Pichler, Jainbing Qi, William C. Stwalley, Robert Beuc, Goran Pichler

Published Jan 1, 2006• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Atomic line self‐broadening was observed in ultracold cesium. Using resonant ionization detection we were able to photoassociate atoms into excited states of ultracold molecules below the second excited PJ atomic asymptotes Cs(6S1/2) + Cs(7P1/2) and Cs(6S1/2) + Cs(7P3/2). We were able to observe blue detuned satellite band features at 560 MHz and 800 MHz above the 7P1/2 and 7P3/2 atomic limits, respectively, as well as sharp hyperfine split features on the blue and red side of the atomic resonances. Such spectral features can be qualitatively supported by the local maxima in the long range molecular structure beyond 50 Å.

DOI
10.1063/1.2402766

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Atomic line self‐broadening was observed in ultracold cesium. Using resonant ionization detection we were able to photoassociate atoms into excited states of ultracold molecules below the second excited PJ atomic asymptotes Cs(6S1/2) + Cs(7P1/2) and Cs(6S1/2) + Cs(7P3/2). We were able to observe blue detuned satellite band features at 560 MHz and 800 MHz above the 7P1/2 and 7P3/2 atomic limits, respectively, as well as sharp hyperfine split features on the blue and red side of the atomic resonances. Such spectral features can be qualitatively supported by the local maxima in the long range molecular structure beyond 50 Å.
We have observed atomic line self-broadening of Cs near 7P3∕27{P}_{3∕2}7P3∕2​ and 7P1∕27{P}_{1∕2}7P1∕2​ atomic lines at ultracold temperatures using a magneto-optical trap and resonant ionization detection. We have observed blue satellite band features at detunings of 560 and 800MHz800\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}800MHz, respectively, as well as sharp hyperfine-split photoassociative spectra on the red wings of each line and also on the blue wings. Possible explanations of these features are discussed.
We have performed high precision photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium gas. Using trap-loss fluorescence detection and controlling the background cesium pressure we were able to photoassociate atoms into excited states of ultracold molecules with large detunings up to 56 cm(-1) below the Cs(6S(1/2)) + Cs(6P(1/2)) atomic asymptote. Vibrational progressions are assigned to 0(g)(-), 0(u)(+), and 1(g) long-range states. By fitting the spectral data to the LeRoy-Bernstein expression, the effective coefficients of the leading long-range interactions and the vibrational quantum number at dissociation are obtained. In addition we have observed spectral perturbations between states of the same symmetry belonging to different asymptotes (6P(1/2) and 6P(3/2)). The perturbations are manifested through irregular vibrational level spacings and are especially pronounced in the 0(u)(+) symmetry. Many observed rotational levels indicate d- and higher partial wave contributions to the photoassociation cross section in the presence of trapping laser light, while spectral regions with only weak features suggest nodes in the lower state wave functions corresponding to the two ground state atoms asymptote.
High precision photoassociation spectroscopy is performed in ultracold cesium gas, with detunings as large as 51 cm(-1) below the Cs(6S(1/2))+Cs(6P(3/2)) asymptote. Trap-loss fluorescence detection is used for detecting the photoassociation to excited state ultracold molecules. Long vibrational progressions are assigned to electronic states of 0(g) (-), 0(u) (+), and 1(g) symmetry. The spectral data are fitted to a LeRoy-Bernstein equation, in order to obtain the effective coefficients of the leading long-range interaction term (C(3)/R(3)) and the relative vibrational quantum numbers measured down from dissociation. Additionally we present evidence for perturbations between the 0(g) (-) state and the dark 2(u) state.
We report on new observations of the photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium molecules using a highly sensitive detection technique and a combined analysis with all observed electronic states. The technique is achieved by directly modulating the frequency of the trapping lasers of a magneto-optical trap. New observations of the Cs2 0g(-), 0u(+), and 1g states at the asymptotes 6S1/2 + 6P1/2 and 6S1/2 + 6P3/2 are reported. The spectral range is extended to the red detuning of 112 cm(-1) below the 6S1/2 + 6P3/2 dissociation limit. Dozens of vibrational levels of the ultracold Cs2 0g(-), 0u(+), and 1g states are observed for the first time. The available experimental binding energies of these states are analyzed simultaneously in a framework of the generalized LeRoy-Bernstein theory and the almost degenerate perturbation theory by Marinescu and Dalgarno [Phys. Rev. A: At., Mol., Opt. Phys. 52, 311 (1995)]. The unique atomic-related parameter c3 governing the dispersion forces of all the molecular states is estimated as (10.29 ± 0.05) a.u.
We report on the observation of three RbCs satellite bands in the blue and green ranges of the visible spectrum. Absorption measurements are performed using all-sapphire cell filled with a mixture of Rb and Cs. We compare high resolution absorption spectrum of Rb-Cs vapor mixture with pure Rb and Cs vapor spectra from the literature. After detailed analysis, the new satellite bands of RbCs molecule at 418.3 nm, 468.3, and 527.5 nm are identified. The origin of these bands is discussed by direct comparison with difference potentials derived from quantum chemistry calculations of RbCs potential energy curves. These bands originate from the lower Rydberg states of the RbCs molecule. This study thus provides further insight into photoassociation of lower Rydberg molecular states, approximately between Cs(7s) + Rb(5s) and Cs(6s) + Rb(6p) asymptotes, in ultracold gases.
A high resolution photoassociation spectrum of ultracold cesium atoms is reported in this paper. A photoassociation laser with its frequency red detuned below 6S1/2+6P3/2 dissociation limit acts on the cold cesium atoms in magnetic optical trap and the excited ultracold molecules generated in the photoassociation process are observed. In order to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio, the trapping laser is amplitude modulated using acousto-optic modulator and the fluorescence signal is demodulated by lock-in technique. The results are discussed using the density matrix equations.