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Physical Review Letters

Perturbative Expansion for Coherence Loss

J. I. Kim, Maria Carolina Nemes, A. F. R. de Toledo Piza, Henrique E. Borges

Published Jul 8, 1996• 96 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We construct a generally applicable short-time perturbative expansion for coherence loss. Successive terms of this expansion yield characteristic times for decorrelation processes involving successive powers of the Hamiltonian. The second order results are sufficient to precisely reproduce expressions for ``decoherence times'' obtained in the literature by much more involved and indirect methods. Examples illustrating the influence of initial conditions and the need to evaluate higher order terms are given in the context of the Jaynes-Cummings model. It is shown that, in this case, the short-time decoherence behavior can probe the importance of antiresonant contributions.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.77.207

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We construct a generally applicable short-time perturbative expansion for coherence loss. Successive terms of this expansion yield characteristic times for decorrelation processes involving successive powers of the Hamiltonian. The second order results are sufficient to precisely reproduce expressions for ``decoherence times'' obtained in the literature by much more involved and indirect methods. Examples illustrating the influence of initial conditions and the need to evaluate higher order terms are given in the context of the Jaynes-Cummings model. It is shown that, in this case, the short-time decoherence behavior can probe the importance of antiresonant contributions.
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A model for intrinsic decoherence in quantum mechanics is proposed, based on a simple modification of unitary Schr\"odinger evolution. On sufficiently small time scales the system evolves by a random sequence of unitary phase changes generated by the Hamiltonian. The Schr\"odinger equation is obtained to zeroth order in the expansion parameter. Higher-order corrections lead to a loss of coherence in the energy basis. The rate of coherence loss becomes very large as the energy scale of the system is increased. The expansion parameter determines an uncertainty in the time step on very short times scales. A number of testable consequences are derived including anomalous dispersion of a free particle, decay of oscillatory systems, destruction of interference-fringe visibility, and a phase shift of interference fringes.
The Jaynes-Cummings (JC) model has been studied extensively because of its simple and realistic representation of the dipole interaction between an atom and the quantized radiation field. It exhibits, without perturbative expansions or statistical decorrelations, many quantum mechanical effects in the case of strong or weak interaction, long or short time regime, on or off the resonance. The model is extended to a three-level atom for the investigation of physical phenomena associated with two-photon processes.
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In this paper, we present a simple approach for understanding some general aspects of the irreversible dynamics of the generalized Jaynes-Cummings model. By working in the dressed-state representation, it is possible to split the dynamics of populations and coherences. Then it can be shown that the coherence dynamics may present localization and dispersivelike decay behavior, whereas the population dynamics are characterized in terms of a classical diffusive process. These phenomena are studied by developing a perturbation theory that provides simple analytical results that could be applicable to any general source of irreversibility in the Jaynes-Cummings model. As an application, we extend and analytically characterize our previous reported results on heating and decoherence in trapped ions [Phys. Rev. A 65, 041402 (2002)].