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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

On Realization of a Cavity-QED Laser Emitting a Highly Sub-Poissonian, Anti-Bunched Beam of Photons in a CW Fashion

Young-Tak Chough

Published Apr 2, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a feedback scheme to control the photon statistics in a micromaser/laser cavity, using the system output as the control signal, which generates a highly nonclassical field whose Mandel-Q parameter is even lower than −0.9 and mean photon number much greater than unity. We demonstrate that the so-obtained system constitutes a continuous-wave (CW) quasi-Fock state source, the emission of which exhibits a sub-Poissonian photocount distribution as well as the photon anti-bunching property.

DOI
10.7566/jpsj.83.053301

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We propose a feedback scheme to control the photon statistics in a micromaser/laser cavity, using the system output as the control signal, which generates a highly nonclassical field whose Mandel-Q parameter is even lower than −0.9 and mean photon number much greater than unity. We demonstrate that the so-obtained system constitutes a continuous-wave (CW) quasi-Fock state source, the emission of which exhibits a sub-Poissonian photocount distribution as well as the photon anti-bunching property.
We perform quantum trajectory simulations of the micromaser/laser with Poissonian pump, lifting all restriction on the number of simultaneously interacting atoms. For mean numbers of intracavity atoms between zero and two, highly sub-Poissonian fields are obtained from the Poissonian pumping, with a Mandel QQQ parameter inside the cavity below −0.6-0.6−0.6 under suitable conditions. Simulation of a Hanbury Brown and Twiss-type measurement performed on the cavity emissions recovers the intracavity value of the Mandel QQQ parameter from the intensity correlation function of the output photon stream.
Non-Poissonian photon statistics are usually traced to nonlinear interactions, nonclassical states, or engineered reservoirs. Here we show that measurement-based feedback can be alternatively deployed to control the Poissonian character of the measurement statistics in an externally-driven linear cavity. Each photon detection triggers a weak displacement operation whose phase determines how the feedback interferes with the coherent cavity field, resulting in a significant cavity response. Full counting statistics and two-time photon correlations show that the feedback phase controls the sign and strength of the induced correlations, continuously tuning the emission statistics between super- and sub-Poissonian regimes. At generic phases, the Mandel parameter responds linearly to the feedback amplitude, whereas at specific phases, the leading response becomes quadratic. The same phase dependence is also found in higher-order cumulants of the emission statistics. These results establish measurement-based feedback as a route to controlling photon statistics in otherwise linear driven-dissipative systems.
We present a scheme for the realization of a stationary source of nonclassical light, which approximates very well a continuous single-photon source. It consists of a single four-level atom trapped inside a high-finesse optical cavity and Raman coupled to a cavity mode. A selectivity mechanism, based on a field-dependent Stark shift of electronic levels, prevents the occupation of two or more photon states of the quantized mode being excited. The output light of such a source exhibits sub-Poissonian photon-number statistics and antibunching behavior.
In a driven cavity QED system with two nonidentical qubits of different resonant frequencies, a multiphoton nonclassical state can be generated by single-photon and two-photon cavity-induced transparency (CIT). Due to the existence of the quasi-subradiant state, the parameter of radiance witness RRR can be greater than unity, which demonstrates that the cavity QED system is in the hyperradiance regime. In this hyperradiance regime, although the second-order correlation function g(2)(0){g}^{(2)}(0)g(2)(0) is greater than unity, the photon statistics still exhibits the higher-order sub-Poissonian distribution. Because the single-photon and two-photon processes are suppressed by CIT-like effects, the three-photon process is enhanced, which leads to Klyshko's criterion Kn<1{K}_{n}<1Kn​<1 for n>2n>2n>2, indicating the appearance of multiphoton nonclassicality. Based on this principle, we propose a scheme for preparing multiphoton nonclassical light with a three-photon probability of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, which is feasible for experiment.
Using an extension of the Scully—Lamb laser theory we show that by insertion of nonlinear elements in the cavity, laser light with nonclassical sub—Poissonian photon statistics can be generated. For an N—photon absorber in the limit of small saturation the variance of the photon number distribution can be reduced by a factor of (+1/N) compared to Poissonian limit of the usual laser. When we generalize the type of such nonlinear elements to the case of a nonlinear feedback or Raman type nonlinear transition, the noise in the laser intensity can be reduced even further and approach the ideal limit, characterized by a Mandel Q parameter of Q = —1. Furthermore we show how this noise reduction via nonlinearities can be combined with a regular pump mechanism, which recently has been sugessted as a way to generate sub—Poissonian light. It turns out that in certain configurations the effect of both methods can be combined. Finally we show how this nonclassical behaviour is also reflected in a reduction of the output intensity power spectra below the shot noise level.