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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Micromaser Revisited: Sub-Poissonian Fields from Poissonian Pumping

Young-Tak Chough, H. J. Carmichael

Published Jan 15, 2013• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We perform quantum trajectory simulations of the micromaser/laser with Poissonian pump, lifting all restriction on the number of simultaneously interacting atoms. For mean numbers of intracavity atoms between zero and two, highly sub-Poissonian fields are obtained from the Poissonian pumping, with a Mandel \(Q\) parameter inside the cavity below \(-0.6\) under suitable conditions. Simulation of a Hanbury Brown and Twiss-type measurement performed on the cavity emissions recovers the intracavity value of the Mandel \(Q\) parameter from the intensity correlation function of the output photon stream.

DOI
10.7566/jpsj.82.014401

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We perform quantum trajectory simulations of the micromaser/laser with Poissonian pump, lifting all restriction on the number of simultaneously interacting atoms. For mean numbers of intracavity atoms between zero and two, highly sub-Poissonian fields are obtained from the Poissonian pumping, with a Mandel (Q) parameter inside the cavity below (-0.6) under suitable conditions. Simulation of a Hanbury Brown and Twiss-type measurement performed on the cavity emissions recovers the intracavity value of the Mandel (Q) parameter from the intensity correlation function of the output photon stream.
Sub-Poisson field with much reduced fluctuations in a cavity can boost quantum precision measurements via cavity-enhanced light-matter interactions. Strong coupling between an atom and a cavity mode has been utilized to generate highly sub-Poisson fields. However, a macroscopic number of optical intracavity photons with more than 3 dB variance reduction has not been possible. Here, we report sub-Poisson field lasing in a microlaser operating with hundreds of atoms with well-regulated atom-cavity coupling and interaction time. Its photon-number variance was 4 dB below the standard quantum limit while the intracavity mean photon number scalable up to 600. The highly sub-Poisson photon statistics were not deteriorated by simultaneous interaction of a large number of atoms. Our finding suggests an effective pathway to widely scalable near-Fock-state lasing at the macroscopic scale.
We investigate the effect of non-Poissonian pump fluctuations on the micromaser dynamics. Non-Poissonian micromaser pumping has been described by two, seemingly unrelated, theoretical approaches. The first employs a discrete pumping process where the pump atoms are allowed to arrive, with certain probability p, only at regularly spaced instants of time, whereas the second refers to continuously distributed arrival times of the pump atoms. Based on a generalization of the latter, we present a unified approach that can handle both situations on an equal footing. We find that for any kind of non-Poissonian pumping the resulting dynamics of the micromaser field is a non-Markovian one. For a micromaser with discrete non-Poissonian pumping, we show the equivalence of ensemble averaging and time averaging, providing a rare example where the validity of the ergodic hypothesis can be explicitly demonstrated. Moreover, we investigate the time-delayed field-field correlation function and a generalized k-photon spectrum of the cavity field, which for k=1 corresponds to the usual power spectrum. For the case that the micromaser is operated under the k-photon trapping condition, we derive exact analytical expressions for the k-photon spectrum and the corresponding correlation functions that result from the exact solution of a non-Markovian evolution problem. Provided that p>1/2, the spectrum is found to be split into several equidistant peaks for certain values of the interaction parameters. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Abstract By a Monte Carlo wave function approach we describe the dynamics of a coherently driven micromaser pumped by coherently prepared atoms. The system can exhibit nonclassical effects such as quadrature squeezing, sub-Poissonian photonstatistics, and Rabi oscillations revival. The interplay between driving field and polarised atoms allows manipulating both the photon number and the phase of the cavity field. By varying either the atomic transit time or the injected field intensity, the coherence of the system dynamics can be enhanced or even suppressed, whereas the induced cavity field phase can be shifted.
Correlation measurements on the states of two-level atoms having passed through a micromaser at different times can be used to infer properties of the quantum state of the radiation field in the cavity. Long(short) correlation length in time is to some extent associated with super(sub)-Poissonian photon statistics. The correlation length is also an indicator of a phase structure much richer than what is revealed by the usual single-time observables, like the atomic inversion or the Mandel quality factor. In realistic experimental situations the correlations may extend over many times the decay time of the cavity. Our assertions are verified by comparing theoretical calculations with a high-precision Monte-Carlo simulation of the micromaser system.