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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Spectral self-phase conjugation of optical radiation in stimulated scattering

Valeri I. Kovalev, Robert G. Harrison

Published Jun 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Here, we provide physical insight into the nature of this coherent behaviour. We show that it is a manifestation of a phenomenon we term spectral self-phase conjugation (SpSPC), first mentioned in the literature on SBS. It is, as we show, the spectral analogue to well studied spatial self-phase conjugation and like the latter is an inherent property of SBS and of all probability other stimulated scattering phenomena. As such SpSPC provides a unique means by which spectral distortions of an optical beam may be compensated to restore the beam's spectral coherence, in much the same way that spatial self-phase conjugation has been used to restore the spatial coherence of a spatially distorted beam.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-iqec.2007.4386835

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The generation of phase conjugated replicas of optical signals has been the subject of many theoretical and experimental studies. Phase conjugation of harmonic signals is a byproduct of certain nonlinear processes such as degenerate four- wave mixing and stimulated Brillouin scattering. Although conjugation of steady signals is well established, the possibility and the effectiveness of conjugating unsteady signals remain largely unexplored. When the envelope of an optical signal varies, new physical phenomena in the conjugation process arise. As previously shown,1 dispersion in the conjugation process distorts the phase conjugate replica of a pulsed signal. Distortion appears even if the response of the medium to the applied optical signal is instantaneous.

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Here, we provide physical insight into the nature of this coherent behaviour. We show that it is a manifestation of a phenomenon we term spectral self-phase conjugation (SpSPC), first mentioned in the literature on SBS. It is, as we show, the spectral analogue to well studied spatial self-phase conjugation and like the latter is an inherent property of SBS and of all probability other stimulated scattering phenomena. As such SpSPC provides a unique means by which spectral distortions of an optical beam may be compensated to restore the beam's spectral coherence, in much the same way that spatial self-phase conjugation has been used to restore the spatial coherence of a spatially distorted beam.
To the best of our knowledge, a novel self-phase-conjugation technique for laser radiation is proposed, which is based on the self-filtration of the phase-conjugate component in a nonlinear absorbing medium, bleached by a pump wave with the intricate spatial structure in the region of location of its speckles. Similar to the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) case, the mechanism of the phase-conjugate wave discrimination against the noise background is based on the coincidence of the speckles in the pump and conjugate waves throughout the bulk of the medium. To compensate for a drop in the signal power due to total absorption, the amplification in conventional laser gain cells is used. The feasibility of the phase conjugation with reflectivities from unity to tens of percent is demonstrated by analytical estimates and numerical calculations. The technique can find application in the middle and far IR spectral regions, where the implementation of phase conjugation via SBS is either hindered or impossible at all.
When a high-intensity laser beam passes through a transparent and homogeneous optical medium, the induced light scattering may manifest the properties of stimulated radiation characterized by threshold requirement, high directionality, and high brightness. This is the stimulated scattering of intense coherent light. Discoveries and studies of various types of stimulated scattering effects have provided a much deeper and more comprehensive understanding of interactions between the intense coherent light and matter. On the other hand, devices based on stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering, and stimulated spin-flip Raman scattering can be employed as highly efficient tunable frequency shifters of coherent light. Stimulated Kerr scattering can be used to generate a super-broadband coherent light and to investigate the molecular anisotropy of liquids. In addition, the recently developed stimulated Rayleigh–Bragg scattering and stimulated Mie scattering can significantly reduce the threshold requirement, and provide a highly efficient no-frequency-shift optical phase conjugation wave.
Optical phase conjugation by stimulated Brillouin scattering, excited by an inhomogeneous light field with a self-focusing strong component, has been investigated. The conjugation fraction \ensuremath{\eta} depends on the intensity ratio \ensuremath{\sigma} of the strong component to the total pump light, attaining a maximum at a certain value of \ensuremath{\sigma}. Theoretical analysis shows that a four-wave-mixing process is involved in its physical mechanism. By taking into account the effect of self-focusing, a fair agreement with experiments is obtained.
Various aspects of optical phase conjugation are discussed: the properties of the conjugate wave, its potential applications, the basic conjugation methods, and a brief history of the question. The theory for phase conjugation in stimulated scattering is set forth in detail. The basic experimental results on this conjugation method are also discussed in detail. Phase conjugation occurs because that configuration of the back-scattered field which has the conjugate wavefront is amplified to the greatest extent (at a doubled gain) in the intense speckle-inhomogeneous conjugate wave in a medium in which stimulated scattering occurs. Because of the large overall amplification in stimulated scattering, all the other, uncorrelated, configurations of the spontaneously scattered nucleating waves are amplified by a factor of 107 less and are discriminated against. The intervals of values of the various parameters in which the conjugate configuration (the specklon) exists are discussed theoretically, as is the effect of nonlinear selection and saturation on phase conjugation in stimulated scattering. There is a review of experimental results on the first observation of the effect, on the measurement of the angular structure of the uncorrelated waves and of the extent to which they are discriminated against, on the phase fluctuations of the conjugate wave, on the conjugation of subthreshold and depolarized radiation, and on phase conjugation in stimulated scattering in focused beams and for other scattered-wave amplification mechanisms.
The generation of phase conjugated replicas of optical signals has been the subject of many theoretical and experimental studies. Phase conjugation of harmonic signals is a byproduct of certain nonlinear processes such as degenerate four- wave mixing and stimulated Brillouin scattering. Although conjugation of steady signals is well established, the possibility and the effectiveness of conjugating unsteady signals remain largely unexplored. When the envelope of an optical signal varies, new physical phenomena in the conjugation process arise. As previously shown,1 dispersion in the conjugation process distorts the phase conjugate replica of a pulsed signal. Distortion appears even if the response of the medium to the applied optical signal is instantaneous.