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CRC Press eBooks

Optical phase conjugation in SBS

M J Damzen, V Vlad, Anca Mocofanescu, V Babin

Published Sep 1, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Nonlinear optical phase conjugation has been shown to have a unique ability to restore an aberrated beam to its original undistorted state in real time [4.1-4.11]. Independent of the precise physical method of production, the important feature of the phase conjugation process is the creation of a wave whose optical field amplitude ACðrÞ is proportional to the complex conjugate of an input field AiðrÞ, i.e. ACðrÞ / Ai ðrÞ.

DOI
10.1201/9781420033465-7

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Nonlinear optical phase conjugation has been shown to have a unique ability to restore an aberrated beam to its original undistorted state in real time [4.1-4.11]. Independent of the precise physical method of production, the important feature of the phase conjugation process is the creation of a wave whose optical field amplitude ACðrÞ is proportional to the complex conjugate of an input field AiðrÞ, i.e. ACðrÞ / Ai ðrÞ.
Optical phase conjugation is concerned with the use of nonlinear optical effects to precisely reverse the direction of propagation of each plane wave in an arbitrary beam of light. This causes the return beam to exactly retrace the path of the incident beam, leading to many applications of automatic pointing and tracking (even in the presence of an inhomogeneous medium). The main goals of this course are familiarization with how each of the many nonlinear optical effects gives rise to a phase conjugate signal, and understanding and appreciation of the many potential applications for optical phase conjugation. Conjugation techniques involving Kerr-like degenerate four-wave mixing, resonant degenerate four-wave mixing, stimulated Brillouin scattering, photorefractive effects, surface phenomena, and others will be carefully reviewed. Applications of particular importance to this course will include distortion correction, pointing, tracking, laser-resonator design, optical information processing, etc. Throughout the course, key references will be identified for those wishing to pursue any topic more vigorously.
Optical phase conjugation is a process that leads to the correction of wavefront distortions under conditions such that a beam of light passes twice in opposite directions through an aberrating optical medium. Analogously, the state of polarization of an optical beam can become aberrated, (for example, by passing through a stressed optical component), and these polarization aberrations can be removed by the process of polarization conjugation. In polarization conjugation, the polarization unit vector of the incident wave is replaced by its complex conjugate in the generated wave.
Summary form only given. In this tallk I will try to supplement what I learned in the field. Here are the topics to be touched on. The order is not historical, but serves a tutorial purpose. 1. Time reversibility (TR) of optical wave propagation. 2. Mathematical description of TR in terms of complex amplitudes and complex conjugate amplitudes. 3. Static holography by real and conjugate images. 4.Static holography: illumination by counterpropagating reference waves at the recording and reconstruction stages. 5. Dynamic holography/four-wave mixing for phase conjugation (R. Hellwarth, A. Yariv, Yariv-Pepper instability. 6. Delayed and hidden holograms, photon echoes, electro-acoustic echoes. 7. Two-photon coherence, fast nonlinearities and three-wave mixing via X(2) nonlinearity. 8. Yet unrealized: Bragg (periodic domain). Time-domain phase conjugation: reversal of chirp and compensation of the dispersion spread in fibers. 10. Why a laser may (and may not) oscillate at a single transverse mode: discrimination of gain/loss. 11. Phase conjugation via stimulated Brillouin scattering (V.V. Ragulsky; V.V. Shkunov). 12. Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing for phase conjugation, ten to the tenth power amplification of the image (G.A. Pasmanik). 13. Photorefractive crystals: nonlinear response at low intensity at a cost of long build-up time. 14. Double phase conjugation 15. Feinberg's cat and cat conjugator.
The real-time information processing and manipulation of electromagnetic waves using nonlinear Qptical techniques has resulted in a myriad of new applications in diverse fields such as quantum electronics, image processing, optical computing, adaptive optics, and nonlinear spectroscopy. In this paper, we review and explore the field, provide a historical perspective, analyze several of the nonlinear interactions useful for the generation of phase-conjugate replicas, and conclude with a brief survey of potential applications and suitable nonlinear media.
One more promising application of the four-wave mixing process is the correction of arbitrary phase aberrations in an optical beam. In such applications, the fidelity as well as the efficiency of the phase-conjugation process needs to be considered in practice. The process which has received the most extensive attention to date is degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM). The nonlinear interaction in this case is known to result in a perfect phase-conjugate provided high-quality pump beams are available and competing effects such as local self-focusing (or defocusing) can be neglected.
The generation of phase conjugated replicas of optical signals has been the subject of many theoretical and experimental studies. Phase conjugation of harmonic signals is a byproduct of certain nonlinear processes such as degenerate four- wave mixing and stimulated Brillouin scattering. Although conjugation of steady signals is well established, the possibility and the effectiveness of conjugating unsteady signals remain largely unexplored. When the envelope of an optical signal varies, new physical phenomena in the conjugation process arise. As previously shown,1 dispersion in the conjugation process distorts the phase conjugate replica of a pulsed signal. Distortion appears even if the response of the medium to the applied optical signal is instantaneous.