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Physical Review A

Propagator of the general driven time-dependent oscillator

Chi‐Fai Lo

Published Jan 1, 1993• 39 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we generalize Wang's approach [J. Phys. A 20, 5041 (1987)] and investigate the algebraic structure of the Schr\"odinger equation associated with a general driven time-dependent oscillator. Using the Lie-algebraic technique we obtain an exact form of the time-evolution operator which, in turn, enables us to derive the propagator of the system readily. Since the propagator is for the most general time-dependent oscillator, results for any special case can be easily deduced from it. These results will be useful for future studies in quantum optics as well as in atomic and molecular physics.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.47.115

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Modern Physics Letters B•Apr 20, 1994•1 citation
In this paper we generalize Wang's approach [J. Phys. A 20, 5041 (1987)] and investigate the algebraic structure of the Schr"odinger equation associated with a general driven time-dependent oscillator. Using the Lie-algebraic technique we obtain an exact form of the time-evolution operator which, in turn, enables us to derive the propagator of the system readily. Since the propagator is for the most general time-dependent oscillator, results for any special case can be easily deduced from it. These results will be useful for future studies in quantum optics as well as in atomic and molecular physics.
We discuss the Schr\"odinger equation with a time-dependent Hamiltonian that can be written as a linear combination of operators which span a finite-dimensional Lie algebra. The equations of motion for the operators in the Heisenberg representation are shown to be useful in calculating matrix elements and transition probabilities, as well as in obtaining the time-evolution operator. A general time-dependent one-dimensional bilinear Hamiltonian is considered as an illustrative example, and the product form for the time-evolution operator is shown to be global.
The matrix U' contains the full dynamics of a bilinear oscillator, because any observable of the system is an analytical function of the operators that determine the matrix representation. One cannot solve the time evolution equation in the general case, but there are many exactly solvable problems that simulate and enable one to understand the dynamics of more elaborate and realistic quantum-mechanical models. In the case of the solvable model just discussed it is easy to derive analytical expressions for operators in the Heisenberg picture as well as for invariants or constants of the motion. The mathematical treatment of the driven oscillator just discussed is trivial because the Hamiltonian operator belongs to a solvable Lie algebra. This model is a convenient starting point to illustrate the use of the Lie algebraic method, but it is also an oversimplification of most oscillatory phenomena. Nonlinear Hamiltonians are useful in many physical applications such as the simulation of frictional forces and dissipation effects.