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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Wide band optical switch via quantum interference

Jingping Xu, M. Al-Amri, Muhammad Suhail Zubairy

Published Mar 6, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Controlling reflectivity optically over a wide range of frequency band can be of great demand technologically. In this paper we show how this can be realized using a Fabry-P´erot cavity filled with a three-level atomic gas. Furthermore, we employ both concepts of electromagnetic induced transparency EIT and the white light cavity which in turn play the essential rule to control the susceptibility of the atomic gas. Once the susceptibility is controlled, all one needs to do is to look for the satisfying resonance conditions that run over a wide range of frequencies, which results in a wide band optical switch.

DOI
10.1117/12.2013165

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Controlling reflectivity optically over a wide range of frequency band can be of great demand technologically. In this paper we show how this can be realized using a Fabry-P´erot cavity filled with a three-level atomic gas. Furthermore, we employ both concepts of electromagnetic induced transparency EIT and the white light cavity which in turn play the essential rule to control the susceptibility of the atomic gas. Once the susceptibility is controlled, all one needs to do is to look for the satisfying resonance conditions that run over a wide range of frequencies, which results in a wide band optical switch.
We propose a device whose reflectivity can be controlled optically over a wide frequency band. To this objective, we propose a Fabry-P\'erot cavity filled with a three-level atomic gas such that the effective susceptibility can be adjusted through incoherent pump and coherent driving fields. Adopting the concepts of electromagnetic-induced transparency and the white light cavity, we can control the susceptibility to break or satisfy the resonance condition over a wide frequency range, resulting in a wide-band optical switch. In addition to numerical calculation, we first give the analytical parameters, such as pump rate, and the Rabi frequency of the driven field, required for white light cavity in this paper. Using such a cavity as a wall of another cavity, we can, optically, realize a wide-band QQQ-switched cavity. Such a device can also be used as a new type of optical switch for quantum information.
We propose a scheme for controlling coherent photon absorption by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a three-level atom-cavity system. Coherent perfect absorption (CPA) occurs when time-reversed symmetry of lasing process is obtained with the destructive interference at the cavity interfaces. The frequency range of CPA is generally dependent on the decay rates of the cavity mirrors. The smaller decay rate of the cavity mirror causes the wider frequency range of CPA, and the needed intensity of the probe fields is larger to satisfy CPA condition for a given frequency. Although Rabi frequency of the control laser has little effect on the frequency range of CPA, with EIT-type quantum interference, the CPA mode is tunable by the control laser. In addition, with the relative phase, the probe fields can be perfectly transmitted and/or reflected. Therefore, the system can be used as a controllable coherent perfect absorber or transmitter (reflector), and our work may have practical applications in optical logic devices.
We present an experimental study on the cavity-atom ensemble system, and realize the doubly-resonant cavity enhanced electromagnetically induced transparency, where both the probe and control lasers are resonant with a Fabry-Perot cavity. We demonstrate the precise frequency manipulating of the hybrid optical-atomic resonances, through either temperature or cavity length tuning. In such a system, the control power can be greatly enhanced due to the cavity, and all-optical switching is achieved with a much lower control laser power compared to previous studies. A new theoretical model is developed to describe the effective three-wave mixing process between spin-wave and optical modes. Interesting non-Hermitian physics are predicted theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. Such a doubly-resonant cavity-atom ensemble system without a specially designed cavity can be used for future applications, such as optical signal storage and microwave-to-optical frequency conversion.
Summary form only given. The reduced absorption and enhanced nonlinearity in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system are very important in achieving an effective all-optical switching action. The Kerr-nonlinear index of refraction of a three-level EIT medium can be greatly enhanced near resonance due to atomic coherence induced in such a system in comparison with a two-level atomic system, as we have shown by using an optical ring cavity. Both the magnitude and sign of the Kerr-nonlinear index change dramatically for different frequency detunings of the controlling (or coupling) or cavity (or probe) field. Bistability and dynamic instability occur when such a three-level /spl Lambda/-type EIT system is placed inside an optical ring cavity and the controlling and cavity input intensities to exceed certain threshold values. In this paper, we present a recent experimental demonstration of controlling the cavity output intensity by modulating the frequency detuning of the controlling beam.
Cavity electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is created in a three-level atomic system confined in a cavity and coupled to a free-space control laser and is manifested as a narrow transmission peak of a probe laser coupled into the cavity mode and tuned to the two-photon Raman resonance with the control laser. Cavity EIT can be observed with a control laser detuned from the atomic transition frequency in a range limited by the vacuum Rabi splitting of two cavity-atom normal modes. This leads to the broadband cavity EIT obtained in the coupled-cavity-atom system with a free-space, broadband control laser. We report an experimental observation of broadband cavity EIT in cold Rb atoms with a frequency-modulated control laser and discuss its application in multichannel and multifrequency light memory.