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Chinese Physics Letters

Comparison of the Noise Properties of Squeezed Probe Light in Optically Thick and Thin Quantum Coherence Media for Weak and Strong Coupling Lights

Zhonghua Li, Yuan Li, Ya-Fang Dou, Jiangrui Gao, Junxiang Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The output amplitude noises of one squeezed probe light which is at resonance throughout different optical depths media in strong- and weak-coupling-field regimes are investigated theoretically. By comparing the output quantum noises for different Rabi frequencies of coupling field and also for different optical depths, it is found that the optimal squeezing preservation of the probe light occurs in an optically thin medium with strong-coupling-field, where we can obtain the output squeezing close to the input one at nonzero detection frequency.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/29/1/014202

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The output amplitude noises of one squeezed probe light which is at resonance throughout different optical depths media in strong- and weak-coupling-field regimes are investigated theoretically. By comparing the output quantum noises for different Rabi frequencies of coupling field and also for different optical depths, it is found that the optimal squeezing preservation of the probe light occurs in an optically thin medium with strong-coupling-field, where we can obtain the output squeezing close to the input one at nonzero detection frequency.
The quantum noise of squeezed probe light passing through an atomic system with different electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler—Townes splitting effects is investigated theoretically. It is found that the optimal squeezing preservation of the outgoing probe beam occurs in the strong-coupling-field regime rather than in the weak-coupling-field regime. In the weak-coupling-field regime, which was recently recognized as the electromagnetically induced transparency regime (Abi-Salloum T Y 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 053836 ), the output amplitude noise is affected mainly by the atomic noise originating from the random decay process of atoms. While in the strong-coupling-field regime, defined as the Autler—Townes splitting regime, the output amplitude noise is affected mainly by the phase-to-amplitude conversion noise. This is useful in improving the quality of the experiment for efficient quantum memory, and hence has an application in quantum information processing.
Beyond the adiabatic approximation, we develop a quantum theory for optical probe pulses propagating in electromagnetically-induced-transparency (EIT) media by including Langevin noise operators and asking the field operator to satisfy bosonic commutation relation. Influences on the degradation of quantum noise squeezing from optical depth of atomic ensemble, strength of control field, and ground-state decoherence are studied in the slow light, as well as storage and retrieval, for a squeezed probe pulse. Moreover, to give guidelines for realization of quantum interfaces based on EIT media, we demonstrate that the quantum squeezing of output probe pulses could be preserved with a stronger classical control field.
We investigate two schemes for the efficient conversion of coherent input light into bright-squeezed output light. Both schemes utilize strong signal and weak probe fields, interacting with three-level ladder-configuration atoms inside optical cavities. The schemes differ in the resonance requirements of the cavities and produce noise suppression for quite different tuning regimes. Quantum-noise reduction is a consequence of the dressing of the atoms with two coherent fields. By tuning the probe light in the right fashion, spontaneous emission from the excited state can be made to counteract signal-light intensity fluctuations.
We study the effects of equal and unequal Rabi frequencies as well as cavity bandwidth on the optimal noise of the output fields from a two-mode optical cavity, which is fed by two coherent fields and encloses a collection of three-level Λ atoms. Each of the output modes is shown to be highly squeezed in the case of smaller symmetrical atomic detunings compared to the spontaneous-emission rates, where the system is in the vicinity of perfect coherent population trapping (CPT). We find that the squeezing on each output mode is larger than that reported by Dantan et al (2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 023605) when adjusting the equal Rabi frequencies. The cavity bandwidth affects, not the degree of squeezing, but the linewidth of the spectral components. In an alternative way, the squeezing of each outgoing mode can be understood as a consequence of the enhanced cross-phase modulation, different from the nonlinear Faraday effect in Dantan's paper (2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 023605). The application of squeezed light is to obtain high-precision measurement, optical communication, and interferometric detection of gravitational radiation.
We investigate weak optical probe pulse propagation in a resonant Lambda and N-interaction schemes, and investigate the role of the four-wave mixing on classical and quantum properties of the probe field. In particular, we focus our attention on two configurations. In the first case we take into account the off-resonant coupling of the strong field to the signal field ground state. Such configuration is relevant for EIT-based slow light and quantum memory. In the second configuration the additional control field is derived from an independent laser, and it is tuned to a different optical resonance from the ones forming an original Lambda system. Such interaction scheme allows realization of tunable slow and fast light, and was considered with regards to enhancement of optical gyroscopes performance. We demonstrate that in both cases the four-wave mixing (FWM) has a profound effect on signal field group velocity and absorption profile, and may even lead to gain. We present both semi-classical and fully quantum treatments for propagation of both signal and newly generated Stokes fields that include accurate description of their quantum noise. In particular, we analyze the case of a quadrature-squeezed signal field, and demonstrate that vacuum fluctuations of the Stokes field couple into the signal field through the FWM process and degrades the squeezing. The severity of this degradation grows with optical depths of an atomic medium, setting an additional practical limits for the experiments.
We show that significant squeezing in a strong signal light field can be generated with three-level atoms in a ghost-transition setup by tuning a weak probe beam inside the Autler-Townes doublet created by the strong signal light. Close to the Rabi level, i.e., within the absorption line, processes involving both amplitude quadratures become important. Significant atomic two-photon coherence provides a vehicle for signal-amplitude fluctuations to trigger fluctuations in the probe amplitude. Subsequently, atomic coherence will feed these probe fluctuations back into the signal and enable substantial noise suppression.