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Journal of Modern Optics

Noise property of a four-level system in vee + ladder configuration

Ying Ming, Hongyu Liu, Rong‐Can Yang

Published Aug 26, 2016• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We present the results of a theoretical study of the output amplitude noises of a four-level atomic system in vee + ladder configuration. The difference and connection of electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler–Townes splitting effects are investigated theoretically. The output amplitude noise of the probe field of two effects were compared, the quantum properties of the input field of the thin medium and the thick medium under Autler–Townes splitting or electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) condition are maintained, the higher fidelity is obtained in the storage of the thick medium under the condition of EIT in non-classical states. The noise characteristics of the squeezed vacuum field after four-level coherent medium are studied; the noise of the output field is lowest when the detection light is far away from detuning. The double split of EIT window was made by the dynamic Stark splitting on the ground state of control field, the quantum properties of the input field in the strong-control field and strong-coupling field were maintained. The output noise spectrum is divided with the increase in the field strength, the maximum output squeezing is far away from the resonance.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2016.1225845

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We present the results of a theoretical study of the output amplitude noises of a four-level atomic system in vee + ladder configuration. The difference and connection of electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler–Townes splitting effects are investigated theoretically. The output amplitude noise of the probe field of two effects were compared, the quantum properties of the input field of the thin medium and the thick medium under Autler–Townes splitting or electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) condition are maintained, the higher fidelity is obtained in the storage of the thick medium under the condition of EIT in non-classical states. The noise characteristics of the squeezed vacuum field after four-level coherent medium are studied; the noise of the output field is lowest when the detection light is far away from detuning. The double split of EIT window was made by the dynamic Stark splitting on the ground state of control field, the quantum properties of the input field in the strong-control field and strong-coupling field were maintained. The output noise spectrum is divided with the increase in the field strength, the maximum output squeezing is far away from the resonance.
The quantum noise of squeezed probe light passing through an atomic system with different electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler—Townes splitting effects is investigated theoretically. It is found that the optimal squeezing preservation of the outgoing probe beam occurs in the strong-coupling-field regime rather than in the weak-coupling-field regime. In the weak-coupling-field regime, which was recently recognized as the electromagnetically induced transparency regime (Abi-Salloum T Y 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 053836 ), the output amplitude noise is affected mainly by the atomic noise originating from the random decay process of atoms. While in the strong-coupling-field regime, defined as the Autler—Townes splitting regime, the output amplitude noise is affected mainly by the phase-to-amplitude conversion noise. This is useful in improving the quality of the experiment for efficient quantum memory, and hence has an application in quantum information processing.
Abstract In this paper, the physical origin of interferences has been explored in a four-level cascade rubidium atom by simultaneous interaction with three energies; two optical fields and one radio frequency (RF) field. The atomic system is investigated by a combination of the analytical method introduced by Zhu et al (2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 053836) and resonant pole method introduced by Anisimov (2008 J. Mod. Opt. 55 ). A substantial amount of variation in the probe absorption has been observed in various regimes. The transition from electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to Autler–Townes spitting (ATS) is observed. It is found that a definite threshold value exists governing the crossover from EIT to ATS. The applied analytical method gives a clear insight into the nature of interferences; one may observe EIT as a consequence of destructive interference, whereas ATS is a consequence of constructive interference. Furthermore, a transition from single EIT to double electromagnetically induced transparency has been detected when the system is illuminated by RF-driving field in weak control regime. Further, transition from ATS to double Autler–Townes splitting has been observed in the strong control regime.
Atomic coherence and interference play an important role in the study of the atom-photon interactions. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is an extensively studied two-photon coherence phenomenon theoretically as well as experimentally. EIT is mainly observed in three-level atomic systems which causes transparency by quenching absorption of the medium. In this paper, based on the lambda type three-level system including energy level |1>, |2> and |3>, a microwave driving field is introduced between the excited-state energy level |3> and another excited-state energy level |4> to form an inverted Y-type four-level system. We theoretically study the two- and three-photon coherence in this system. The results show that the coupling field makes the probing absorption intensity at the resonant frequency have a very narrow line-width depression, i.e., EIT. The microwave field causes a dynamic Stark splitting of the energy level |3> and induces the Aulter-Townes double peaks. Their frequency interval is exactly equal to the Rabi frequency of the microwave field. The presence of all three fields induces wide window of EIT at the line center owing to the enhanced depression results. The transient evolution is also discussed to understand the optical switching process in the system. Our theoretical study will be helpful to get a deeper insight into the three-photon effects in multilevel systems.
We investigate the propagation and storage of a squeezed vacuum as the probe light in a collection of N four-level tripod configuration atoms under the condition of single or double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The squeezing of the probe light is well preserved in both the single transparency channel and the double transparency one. On the other hand, the effects of the ground state dephasing rates on the propagation and storage of the squeezed vacuum are investigated. It is found that the maximum squeezing at the transparency points is suppressed by the dephasing rates in single or double EIT. Meanwhile, the mapping of the squeezing of the probe light onto the atomic ground coherences or onto the two atomic dark-state polaritons is also studied. In the absence of the Langevin atomic noise, the quasi-ideal squeezing transfer between the squeezed vacuum and the atomic ground coherences or the dark-state polaritons can be realized in such a system. When considering the Langevin atomic noise, the quantum characteristics of the atomic coherences at resonance are submerged by the Langevin noise, while in the scenario of the dark-state polariton, it is found that squeezing transfer onto one polariton is damaged, but the squeezing transfer onto the other polariton survives even in the presence of the Langevin noise.
Transmission properties of a weak probe field traveling through a sample of interacting cold 87Rb atoms driven into the three-level ladder configuration, which is a typical Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) system, are investigated. Rydberg atoms are considered to be a perfect platform in the research fields of quantum optics and quantum information processing due to some exaggerated properties of Rydberg atoms with high principal quantum number, especially, the dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms leads to the so-called dipole blockade effect accommodating at most one Rydberg excitation within a mesoscopic volume. The dipole blockade effect may be mapped onto the spectrum of EIT, and the EIT exhibits the cooperative optical nonlinearity which is usually characterized by two indicators, i.e., the probe intensity and the photonic correlation. The cooperative optical nonlinearity is also found here in the phase of transmission spectrum, and the phase can be regarded as the third indicator of nonlinearity in Rydberg EIT. However, there are tremendous differences between the phase and probe transmission (photonic correlation) though they both originate from the conditional polarization. Specifically, the phase is not sensitive to neither the incident probe intensity nor the initial photonic correlation at the resonant probe frequency under the condition of the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting where two other indicators exhibit significant cooperative nonlinearity. The nonlinearity in phase spectrum occurs only in the regime between the resonant probe frequency and the AT splitting and especially is remarkable at the frequency where the probe field is classical. Finally, influence of the principal quantum number and the atomic density on the transmitted phase are examined. In the nonlinear regime, the absolute value of the phase becomes smaller and smaller as the principal quantum number and the atomic density are raised. This indicates that the nonlinearity is strengthened by increasing them. The probe phase provides an attractive supplement to study in depth the cooperative optical nonlinearity in Rydberg EIT and offers us the considerable flexibility to manipulate the propagation and evolution of a quantum light field.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) are two similar quantum coherent phenomena but have different mechanisms and applications. Akaike information criteria (AIC), an objective method to discriminate EIT and ATS from an experimental viewpoint, has been employed in a variety of systems. Here we use AIC method to quantitively discriminate a series of spectra of cold atoms in a Rydberg-involved upper-driving ladder-type. The derived weights of EIT and ATS reflect that our spectra change from EIT-ATS intermediate region to ATS-dominated region along Rabi frequency of coupling field increases. We find that there are two factors affecting EIT-ATS weights in a Rydberg-involved three-level system: dephasing rate, induced by the interactions among Rydberg atoms, makes the EIT-ATS crossover move to the direction of low Rabi frequency of coupling field and the experimental noise makes the difference between EIT and ATS weights reduce at elsewhere. Our investigation could provide a meaningful reference for the observations and applications of Rydberg-involved quantum coherent spectroscopy.