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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

Exact solution of a one-dimensional model of hole superconductivity

R. Z. Bariev, Andreas Klümper, Andreas Schadschneider, J. Zittartz

Published Mar 7, 1993• 68 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new integrable model of a strong correlated electronic system is formulated as a model of hole superconductivity. The model is solved by using the Bethe ansatz. The critical exponents describing the decrease of correlation functions on long distances are derived. The behaviour of these correlations indicates that Cooper pairs of holes are formed in the repulsive region of the model. This conclusion is also confirmed by the calculation of the conductivity and the effective transport mass. In the attractive region, the model is a highly conducting system in which the current carriers with small effective mass are 'light fermions'.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/26/5/040

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We present a two band fermion model consisting of a subband of conduction electrons and a subband of local electron pairs interacting via interband interactions. The model is solved in one dimension by means of the Bethe ansatz for an empty subband of local electron pairs. The ground state energy, the chemical potential, the critical exponents, describing the asymptotic behavior of correlation functions at long distances, the effective electron transport mass have been calculated numerically for an arbitrary density of conduction electrons.
One-dimensional conductors are a long-standing topic of research with direct applications to organic conductors and mesoscopic rings. The discovery of the ceramic high-temperature superconductors has revitalized the interest in low-dimensional charge and spin fluctuations of highly correlated electron systems. Several mechanisms proposed to explain the high-T c superconductors invoke properties of the two-dimensional Hubbard model, but probably also some one-dimensional aspects are relevant. Numerous one-dimensional models for correlated electrons have been studied with various approximate, asymptotically exact and exact methods. These results lead to the concept of Luttinger liquid for interacting electron gases without excitation gaps (metallic systems). Characteristic of Luttinger liquids are the charge and spin separation, marginal Fermi liquid properties, e.g. the absence of quasiparticles in the vicinity of the Fermi surface, nonuniversal power-law singularities in the one-particle spectral function and the related absence of a discontinuity in the momentum distribution at the Fermi level, the power-law decay of correlation functions for long times and large distances, persistent currents in finite rings, etc. Due to the peculiarities of the phase space in one dimension some of the models have sufficient conserved currents to be completely integrable. We review exact results derived within the framework of Bethe's ansatz for integrable one-dimensional models of correlated electrons. The Bethe-ansatz method is presented by explicitly showing the steps leading to the solution of the N-component electron gas interacting via a δ-function potential (repulsive and attractive interaction), which is probably the simplest model of correlated electrons. Emphasis is given to the procedure to extract the groundstate properties, the classification of states, the excitation spectrum, the thermodynamics and finite size effects, such as critical exponents of correlation functions and persistent currents. The method is then applied to numerous other models, e.g. (i) a two-band model involving attractive and repulsive potentials and crystalline fields splitting the bands, (ii) the traditional Hubbard chain with attractive and repulsive U, (iii) the degenerate Hubbard model with repulsive U, which displays a metal–insulator transition at a finite U, (iv) a two-band Hubbard model with repulsive U, (v) the traditional supersymmetric t–J model (vi) a two-band supersymmetric t–J model with band-splitting and (vii) the N-component supersymmetric t–J model. Finally, results for models with long-range interactions, in particular r-2 and sinh -2(r) potentials, are briefly reviewed.