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Journal of the Optical Society of America

Nonlinear optical phenomena in a multiple interferometer

V. N. Lugovoǐ

Published Apr 1, 1983• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A multiple interferometer is proposed and stimulated Raman radiation, stimulated Mandel’stam–Brillouin radiation, and Cerenkov-type optical parametric oscillation are considered in this interferometer, which is excited by an external light beam. An extremely low threshold intensity of the exciting beam is noted. Optical bistability and hysteresis, self-pulsing of the radiation intensities, amplification of amplitude-phase deviations in the incident pumping beam, limitation of the intensity of the beam transmitted by the interferometer, and nonlinear reflection of the beam from the multiple interferometer are predicted and discussed. It is also noted that the threshold for generation of the second Stokes component of stimulated Raman radiation and stimulated Mandel’stam–Brillouin radiation under the conditions discussed is usually not achieved, even for high excess of the exciting beam intensity over the threshold for generation of the first Stokes component.

DOI
10.1364/josa.73.000473

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A multiple interferometer is proposed and stimulated Raman radiation, stimulated Mandel’stam–Brillouin radiation, and Cerenkov-type optical parametric oscillation are considered in this interferometer, which is excited by an external light beam. An extremely low threshold intensity of the exciting beam is noted. Optical bistability and hysteresis, self-pulsing of the radiation intensities, amplification of amplitude-phase deviations in the incident pumping beam, limitation of the intensity of the beam transmitted by the interferometer, and nonlinear reflection of the beam from the multiple interferometer are predicted and discussed. It is also noted that the threshold for generation of the second Stokes component of stimulated Raman radiation and stimulated Mandel’stam–Brillouin radiation under the conditions discussed is usually not achieved, even for high excess of the exciting beam intensity over the threshold for generation of the first Stokes component.
A review is given of theoretical and experimental investigations of optical resonators excited by an external light beam and filled with a nonlinear medium. An analysis is made of various types of nonlinearities (Kerr, Raman, Brillouin, and quadratic nonlinearities, saturation in a medium of two-level particles) and equations which describe the dynamics of optical oscillations in a resonator, are derived. Descriptions are given of the main properties such as limitation of the transmitted beam intensity, bistability and hysteresis, intensity pulsations, and amplification of amplitude-frequency deviations in the optical beam. Transient processes are also discussed. In the description of the experimental results, not only the resonator parameters and the observed properties are indicated but attention is also paid to identification of the type of nonlinearity. An analysis is also made of hybrid systems in which the nonlinearity is simulated (and deliberately increased) by radioelectronics.
The properties are considered of an optical resonator excited by an external light beam and filled with a non-linear (Raman or Mandel'stam-Brillouin active) medium for single-mode (exciting and the first Stokes) radiation components in the resonator. The form of the hysteresis of light intensity inside the resonator and of the intensity of the beam transmitted through the resonator for both the radiation components on the variation of the external beam intensity are investigated. Also, periodic pulsations of the radiation component intensities are discussed and the phase modulation of the components at the regimes in question is predicted, the conditions for these pulsations being derived. Conditions are also found under which the resonator amplifies the amplitude (phase) modulation of the external light beam and the properties of the regimes of the amplification are also discussed. The use of the resonator in question as the element of optical memory, a switching device, the generator of optical pulses and optical ‘transistor’ is proposed.
We have numerically investigated the dynamics of initiation and propagation of traveling pulses (TP) in the semiconductor interferometer with two competing mechanisms of nonlinear refraction, connected with interband free carriers photogeneration and semiconductor heating. The possibility of existence of TP, which represent the novel type of transverse effects in optical bistability, have been predicted in our recent work /1/. TP are realized under pumping intensity close to the threshold of originating of McCall’s type regenerative oscillations (RO) /1,2/, when interferometer responds to a weak additional signal by single optical pulse with standard shape (regime of single-shot multivibrator /1,3/ ). If transverse dimentions of the interferometer are large enough, then under constant plane-wave pumping and additional local lighting the optical- carrier density TP arises. TP has sharp forward and backward fronts and moves across pumping beam with constant velocity due to carrier diffusion. After the passage of traveling pulse the system returns back to initial homogeneous steady state. Changing parameters of the interferometer or pumping intensity, we can obtain TP with increased or decreased transmission (direct or inverted TP), each of them can be initiated by lokal increasing or decreasing of input intensity. If interferometer is pumped by beam with Gaussian profile, the thentral - intensive part of the beam can corresponds to RO while the beam periphery- to the single--shot regime. In this case the central part of the beam serves as a periodic source of TP, moving towards beam periphery. The contraversal situation is possible, when the periphery of Gaussian beam corresponds to the RO, while the central part - to the single-shot regime. In this case TP are periodically spontaneously initiated at the beam periphery and move to the beam center. Two TP annihilate after collision. In the both cases profile of transmitted beam periodically changes. All regimes described above have been found by numerical simulation using interferometer parameters close to InSb /4/.
An analysis is made of nonlinear nonstationary equations describing dynamics of the stimulated Raman scattering in optical resonators excited by external nonmonochromatic radiation. The threshold of the excitation of the stimulated scattering by nonmonochromatic radiation is found and its dependence on the dispersion of the active medium is deduced. Solutions are obtained for steady-state oscillations in a resonator and their characteristics are investigated as a function of the spectrum of the exciting radiation and of the dispersion of the active medium.
A simple description of the stimulated Raman emission of Stokes radiation, and of the induced absorption found by Stoicheff at the anti-Stokes frequency, is based on the semiclassical theory of radiation. This theory gives the well-known formulas for absorption and stimulated emission when carried to the first order in the time-dependent perturbation due to the interaction of the light beam with the molecules. If there are two light beams of frequencies ωL and ω, the second-order perturbation may be associated with stimulated emission at the Stokes frequency ω=ω−1=ωL—ωR and with induced absorption at the anti-Stokes frequency ω=ω1=ωL+ωR, where ωL is the laser frequency and ωR a Raman-active vibrational frequency; in both cases, there is a molecular transition to the excited vibrational state. The highly directional and very sharp anti-Stokes emission at ω1 arises from the conversion by molecules in intense beams at ωL and ω−1 of two ωL photons into an ω−1, ω1 pair. Like spontaneous emission from excited states, the production of this anti-Stokes radiation requires the full quantum theory of radiation for an adequate description. The emission of ω1 and the observed directional absorption of ω−1 due to the reverse conversion ω−1+ω1→2ωL are explained. The anti-Stokes emission is proportional to the Stokes intensity and to the square of that of the laser, and to the square of the molecular number density; its sharpness is due to the absence of a molecular transition. The generation of photon pairs ω−n+ωn, where ωn=ωL+nωR, can occur for all values of n, but it is most efficient for n=1, due to resonance in the appropriate molecular hyperpolarizability and to the intensity of the Stokes beam at ω−1.