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Physical Review A

Coherent transient in dressed-state and transient spectra of Autler-Townes doublet

Lianshui Zhang, Xiaomin Feng, Guangsheng Fu, Xiaowei Li, Li Han, Neil B. Manson, Changjiang Wei

Published Dec 8, 2004• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we present a theoretical study of the time-dependent probe response in the presence of a strong pump field in a three-level pump-probe configuration. Two situations are investigated: a cw pump with a pulsed probe field and a pulsed pump with a cw probe field. The results are explained as dressed-state nutation and nutation by dynamic Stark switching. Dressed-state quantum beats are also an important feature for both situations. Furthermore, when a 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} phase shift after a $\ensuremath{\pi}∕2$ period is introduced in the pulsed probe field, there is a spin locking in the dressed-state transition. Our results give a satisfactory theoretical account of a previous experimental observation [Wei et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1083 (1995)].

DOI
10.1103/physreva.70.063404

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Physical Review A•Oct 28, 2013•12 citations
In this paper we present a theoretical study of the time-dependent probe response in the presence of a strong pump field in a three-level pump-probe configuration. Two situations are investigated: a cw pump with a pulsed probe field and a pulsed pump with a cw probe field. The results are explained as dressed-state nutation and nutation by dynamic Stark switching. Dressed-state quantum beats are also an important feature for both situations. Furthermore, when a 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} phase shift after a \ensuremathπ∕2\ensuremath{\pi}∕2\ensuremathπ∕2 period is introduced in the pulsed probe field, there is a spin locking in the dressed-state transition. Our results give a satisfactory theoretical account of a previous experimental observation [Wei et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 1083 (1995)].
Using Raman heterodyne detected nuclear magnetic transition in diamond we have observed dressed state nutation for two situations: (i) pulsed probe + cw pump and (ii) cw probe + pulsed pump. The dressed state Rabi frequencies are measured for the first time and found to have a $sin\ensuremath{\theta}$ and $cos\ensuremath{\theta}$ dependence ($\ensuremath{\theta}$ is a function of pump intensity and detuning). A simple consideration based on the dressed state model gives a satisfactory account of the observed dependence. When a 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} phase shift is introduced, spin locking and strong oscillations are observed.
In a V-shaped three-level double-resonance configuration, there is strong quantum beats superimposed in a nutation signal in the probe laser response. In this paper, the beats in the dressed state nutation is studied theoretically within dressed state picture and the result is presented. An important conclusion is that the strong quantum beats in such a configuration occurred mainly as a result of the intrinsic coherence of the dressed states. Our result extends the coherent transient study in bared atomic transition to dressed state transitions.
In this paper we study the nonlinear behavior of an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance subject to a coherent driving field. The EIT is associated with a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level system where two hyperfine levels within an electronic ground state are coupled to a common excited state level by a coupling field and a probe field. In addition there is an radio-frequency (rf) field driving a hyperfine transition within the ground state. The paper contrasts two different situations. In one case the rf-driven transition shares a common level with the probed transition and in the second case it shares a common level with the coupled transition. In both cases the EIT resonance is split into a doublet and the characteristics of the EIT doublet are determined by the strength and frequency of the rf-driving field. The doublet splitting originates from the rf-field induced dynamic Stark effect and has close analogy with the Autler-Townes effect observed in three-level pump-probe spectroscopy study. The situation changes when the rf field is strong and the two cases are very different. One is analogous to two $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level systems with EIT resonance associated with each. The other corresponds to a doubly driven three-level system with rf-field-induced electromagnetically induced absorption resonance. The two situations are modeled using numerical solutions of the relevant equation of motion of density matrix. In addition a physical account of their behaviors is given in terms of a dressed state picture.
We theoretically investigate the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting in the photoelectron spectra of threelevel ladder K 2 molecule driven by a pump-probe pulse via employing the time-dependent wave packet approach. The effect of the pump/probe laser intensity and wavelength on AT splitting is detailed studied. The magnitude of AT splitting increases with increasing the pump laser intensity, but does not vary with probe intensity. The double splitting with asymmetric profiles arises due to the nonresonant excitation. The double structure is transformed into one peak progressively as the pump is detuned from the resonance wavelength, which can be explained in terms of the asymmetric excitation/population of dressed states. The splitting between AT doublet changes with pump wavelength, but does not change with probe wavelength. The double peaks shift to lower energy with the different shift with increasing pump wavelength, but with the same shift with probe wavelength.
Quantum beats can be observed when an atomic system is prepared in a coherent superposition of eigenstates. It manifests the most basic concept of quantum mechanics: coherence, and has been studied extensively. The common configuration for studying quantum beats is that a three-level system interacts with a pulse excitation, where either upper or lower level can be a closely- spaced doublet [1], We report here a new type of quantum beats, dressed-state quantum beats, observed in a three-level pump-probe configuration (Fig. 1). The three-level system and experimental detail can be found elsewhere [2].
We present a theoretical study of transient absorption spectra of laser-dressed hydrogen atoms, based on numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. The timing of absorption is controlled by the delay between an extreme ultra violet (XUV) pulse and an infrared (IR) laser field. The XUV pulse is isolated and several hundred attoseconds in duration, which acts as a pump to drive the ground-state electron to excited ppp states. The subsequent interaction with the IR field produces dressed states, which manifest as sidebands between the 1s-npnpnp absorption spectra separated by one IR-photon energy. We demonstrate that the population of dressed states is maximized when the timing of the XUV pulse coincides with the zero crossing of the IR field, and that their energies can be manipulated in a subcycle time scale by adding a chirp to the IR field. An alternative perspective to the problem is to think of the XUV pulse as a probe to detect the dynamical ac Stark shifts. Our results indicate that the accidental degeneracy of the hydrogen excited states is removed while they are dressed by the IR field, leading to large ac Stark shifts. Furthermore, we observe the Autler-Townes doublets for the n=2n=2n=2 and 3 levels using the 656 nm dressing field, but their separation does not agree with the prediction by the conventional three-level model that neglects the dynamical ac Stark shifts.