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AIP conference proceedings

Fisher Information and Shannon Entropy in Confined 1D Harmonic Oscillator

Ljiljana Stevanović, Angelos Angelopoulos, Takis Fildisis

Published Jan 1, 2010• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Study of the linear harmonic oscillator confined in the square well with impenetrable walls is of great interest since its application for modeling parabolic quantum well semiconductor heterostructures. Fisher information and Shannon entropy, as a complexity measure for its ground and some excited energy levels are reported here.
DOI
10.1063/1.3322336

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In this chapter we shall discuss the recent progresses of information theoretic tools in the context of free and confined harmonic oscillator. Confined quantum systems have provided appreciable interest in areas of physics, chemistry, biology,etc., since its inception. A particle under extreme pressure environment unfolds many fascinating, notable physical and chemical changes. The desired effect is achieved by reducing the spatial boundary from infinity to a finite region. Similarly, in the last decade, information measures were investigated extensively in diverse quantum problems, in both free and constrained situations. The most prominent amongst these are: Fisher information, Shannon entropy, Renyi entropy , Tsallis entropy, Onicescu energy and several complexities. Arguably, these are the most effective measures of uncertainty, as they do not make any reference to some specific points of a respective Hilbert space. These have been invoked to explain several physico-chemical properties of a system under investigation. Kullback-Leibler divergence or relative entropy describes how a given probability distribution shifts from a reference distribution function. This characterizes a measure of discrimination between two states. In other words, it extracts the change of information in going from one state to another.
With the development of quantum technology and information science, significant attention is focused on studying the quantum information properties in confined systems. In this work, we present a systematic investigation of quantum information measures – including position-momentum uncertainty (Δx,Δp), Shannon entropy (Sx, Sp), and Onicescu energy (Ox, Op) in a confined Robin harmonic oscillator (CRHO) with symmetric boundary conditions λL = λR = λ. It is interesting to find that the Heisenberg uncertainty relation ΔxΔp≥ℏ/2, which holds under the Dirichlet boundary condition (λ = 0), is violated for the ground state of the CRHO. In contrast, the entropic uncertainty relation (Sx + Sp ≥ 1 + lnπ) remains satisfied at any Robin length λ and quantum state, demonstrating its fundamental advantage and broader applicability in quantum systems. For a fixed Robin length, we observe that as the quantum well width increases within a finite range, the position-space Shannon entropy Sₓ increases, while the Onicescu energy Oₓ decreases. Despite their opposing tendencies, both Shannon entropy and Onicescu energy reflect the same physical insight regarding the localisation-delocalisation property for the CRHO system. In addition, the dependence of these information measures on the Robin length is discussed, and their physical implications are highlighted. This study demonstrates that boundary conditions play a critical role in quantum information metrics, thereby informing the design and optimisation of quantum devices such as quantum dots, nanoscale resonators and atom-based sensors.
Abstract We first present the analytical solutions to the Schrödinger equation with the parity-restricted harmonic oscillator V ( x ) = 1 2 m ω 2 x 2 ( x > 0 ) and then calculate the Shannon information entropies S x n and S p n both in position space and in momentum space. It is interesting to find that the variation of the Shannon information entropy S p n in momentum space is different from our previous studies, i.e. the S p n first increases with the quantum number n and then decreases with the number n . This is a new and abnormal phenomenon and may be explained by the parity-restricted system. The BBM inequality is verified to be saturated, but the sum of the entropies first increases with the number n and then decreases with it. The entropy densities ρ s ( x ) and ρ s ( p ) are also demonstrated. We find that the Fisher entropy is exactly given by I F = 8 n + 6 , n = 0 , 1 , 2 , … .