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Laser Physics

Shannon and Fisher entropy measures for a parity-restricted harmonic oscillator

Ye-Jiao Shi, Guo-Hua Sun, Jian Jing, Shi‐Hai Dong

Published Nov 20, 2017• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We first present the analytical solutions to the Schrödinger equation with the parity-restricted harmonic oscillator V ( x ) = 1 2 m ω 2 x 2 ( x > 0 ) and then calculate the Shannon information entropies S x n and S p n both in position space and in momentum space. It is interesting to find that the variation of the Shannon information entropy S p n in momentum space is different from our previous studies, i.e. the S p n first increases with the quantum number n and then decreases with the number n . This is a new and abnormal phenomenon and may be explained by the parity-restricted system. The BBM inequality is verified to be saturated, but the sum of the entropies first increases with the number n and then decreases with it. The entropy densities ρ s ( x ) and ρ s ( p ) are also demonstrated. We find that the Fisher entropy is exactly given by I F = 8 n + 6 , n = 0 , 1 , 2 , … .

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/aa8bbf

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Abstract We first present the analytical solutions to the Schrödinger equation with the parity-restricted harmonic oscillator V ( x ) = 1 2 m ω 2 x 2 ( x > 0 ) and then calculate the Shannon information entropies S x n and S p n both in position space and in momentum space. It is interesting to find that the variation of the Shannon information entropy S p n in momentum space is different from our previous studies, i.e. the S p n first increases with the quantum number n and then decreases with the number n . This is a new and abnormal phenomenon and may be explained by the parity-restricted system. The BBM inequality is verified to be saturated, but the sum of the entropies first increases with the number n and then decreases with it. The entropy densities ρ s ( x ) and ρ s ( p ) are also demonstrated. We find that the Fisher entropy is exactly given by I F = 8 n + 6 , n = 0 , 1 , 2 , … .
In this work we have studied the Shannon information entropy for two hyperbolic single-well potentials in the fractional Schrödinger equation (the fractional derivative number (0<n≤2) by calculating position and momentum entropy. We find that the wave function will move towards the origin as the fractional derivative number n decreases and the position entropy density becomes more severely localized in more fractional system, i.e., for smaller values of n, but the momentum probability density becomes more delocalized. And then we study the Beckner Bialynicki-Birula−Mycieslki (BBM) inequality and notice that the Shannon entropies still satisfy this inequality for different depth u even though this inequality decreases (or increases) gradually as the depth u of the hyperbolic potential U1 (or U2) increases. Finally, we also carry out the Fisher entropy and observe that the Fisher entropy increases as the depth u of the potential wells increases, while the fractional derivative number n decreases.
In this paper, we studied, at first, the influence of the energy-dependent potentials on the one-dimensionless Klein–Gordon oscillator. Then, the Shannon entropy and Fisher information of this system are investigated. The position and momentum information entropies for the low-lying states n = 0, 1, 2 are calculated. Some interesting features of both Fisher and Shannon densities, as well as the probability densities, are demonstrated. Finally, the Stam, Cramer–Rao and Bialynicki–Birula–Mycielski (BBM) inequalities have been checked, and their comparison with the regarding results have been reported. We showed that the BBM inequality is still valid in the form [Formula: see text], as well as in ordinary quantum mechanics.
In this work, we study the Shannon information entropies [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of an infinite spherical well. The Shannon entropy [Formula: see text] is calculated numerically in terms of the analytical result of the wave function in momentum space. Some typical features of the position and momentum probability densities [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] as well as the information entropy densities [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are demonstrated. We find that the position entropy [Formula: see text] increases with the radius a of the spherical well for given quantum numbers l, m and n. It is interesting to note that the position entropy [Formula: see text] decreases with the quantum numbers l and n for a fixed radius a and quantum number m. The position entropy [Formula: see text] is almost independent of the quantum numbers l, m and n. The momentum entropy [Formula: see text] first increases and then decreases with respect to the radius a. We also note that the [Formula: see text] increases with the radius a and finally arrives at a constant. In addition, the Bialynicki–Birula–Mycielski (BBM) inequality is verified and also hold for this confined system.
We calculate the time-dependent Fisher information in position and momentum for the lowest lying state of two classes of quantum damped (Lane–Emden (LE) and Caldirola–Kanai (CK)) harmonic oscillators. The expressions of and are written in terms of a c-number quantity satisfying a nonlinear differential equation. Analytical solutions of were obtained. For the LE and CK oscillators, we observe that increases while decreases with increasing time. The product increases and tends to a constant value in the limit for the LE oscillator, while it is time-independent for the CK oscillator. Moreover, for the CK oscillator the product decreases as the damping increases. Relations among the Fisher information, Leipnik and Shannon entropies, and the Stam and Cramer–Rao inequalities are given. A discussion on the squeezing phenomenon in position for the oscillators is presented.
The Shannon information entropy for the Schrödinger equation with a nonuniform solitonic mass is evaluated for a hyperbolic-type potential. The number of nodes of the wave functions in the transformed space z are broken when recovered to original space x . The position S x and momentum S p information entropies for six low-lying states are calculated. We notice that the S x decreases with the increasing mass barrier width a and becomes negative beyond a particular width a , while the S p first increases with a and then decreases with it. The negative S x exists for the probability densities that are highly localized. We find that the probability density ρ ( x ) for n = 1, 3, 5 are greater than 1 at position x = 0. Some interesting features of the information entropy densities ρ s ( x ) and ρ s ( p ) are demonstrated. The Bialynicki–Birula–Mycielski (BBM) inequality is also tested for these states and found to hold.