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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Splitting of electromagnetically induced transparency under strong-probe conditions due to Doppler averaging

Kanhaiya Pandey, Vasant Natarajan A

Published Sep 3, 2008• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in room-temperature Rb vapour under conditions of a strong probe laser. The atoms form a ladder system with the lower transition coupled by the probe laser and the upper transition coupled by the control laser. Density-matrix analysis of the system shows that, for zero-velocity atoms, the strong probe beam causes a reduction in absorption and broadening of the profile. But the lineshape after thermal averaging shows a splitting of the EIT resonance and enhanced absorption near line centre. The experimental observations in $^{85}Rb$ agree qualitatively with the predicted lineshapes.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/41/18/185504

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•May 22, 2018•10 citations
We study the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in room-temperature Rb vapour under conditions of a strong probe laser. The atoms form a ladder system with the lower transition coupled by the probe laser and the upper transition coupled by the control laser. Density-matrix analysis of the system shows that, for zero-velocity atoms, the strong probe beam causes a reduction in absorption and broadening of the profile. But the lineshape after thermal averaging shows a splitting of the EIT resonance and enhanced absorption near line centre. The experimental observations in 85Rb^{85}Rb85Rb agree qualitatively with the predicted lineshapes.
A theoretical model using the density matrix approach has been presented to show the influence of multiple excited states on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a cascade-type Doppler broadened medium. A five-level system has been considered that is a simple case of the 87 Rb atom. In a room temperature vapour, when the Doppler broadening is comparable with hyperfine splitting in the middle states, there is a strong reduction in EIT. By performing the thermal averaging in the five-level Doppler broadened system, we observe an asymmetric transparency that has already been shown in most of the experimental work.
Summary form only given. Though experiments in which a strong probe field was applied to an EIT system have been performed using pulsed lasers, previous investigations of the steady-state response of an EIT system to cw lasers have focused on the limit in which the probe field is weak. We investigate the behavior of an inhomogeneously broadened ladder system interacting with probe and control fields that are both strong. The experimental system we study is a gas of /sup 85/Rb atoms, where the lower level is the 5S/sub 1/2/ state, the intermediate level is the 5P/sub 3/2/ state, and the upper level is the 5D/sub 5/2/ state. To facilitate two-photon Doppler cancellation, the control and probe laser beams are counterpropagating. We theoretically model the response of this system by numerically solving the appropriate system of density-matrix equations without any approximations with respect to the strength of the control or probe field, and then numerically performing a Doppler average over the atomic velocity distribution.
We study both theoretically and experimentally three-photon electromagnetically induced transparency and electromagnetically induced absorption resonances in inhomogeneously broadened 85 Rb atomic vapour driven by probe and drive laser radiations. We observe narrow Doppler-free absorption as well as transmission resonances for the probe field when the driving laser field is redshifted from the D1 or D2 lines of 85Rb; the frequency difference between the drive and probe fields is equal to the hyperfine splitting of the ground state of the atoms, and the probe field is tuned to the centre of the Doppler broadened atomic transition. We theoretically study the spectroscopic effect in both homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened media. Our numerical simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results.
We obtain subnatural linewidth (i.e., $<\ensuremath{\Gamma}$) for probe absorption in room-temperature Rb vapor using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ system. For stationary atoms, the EIT dip for a resonant control laser is roughly one-half as wide as the control Rabi frequency ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{c}$. But in thermal vapor, the moving atoms fill the transparency band so that the final EIT dip remains subnatural even when ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{c}⪢\ensuremath{\Gamma}$. We observe a linewidth of $\ensuremath{\Gamma}/4$ for ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{c}=8\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ in the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line of Rb.
An electromagnetically induced transparency is observed at one arm of a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type system in a rubidium D1 line (794.8 nm) with an 85% reduction in absorption, when a pumping field is present at the other arm. This reduction in absorption for the weak probe field is due to the atomic coherence produced by the strong pumping field. This experiment is done in a Rb vapor cell at room temperature with cw diode lasers for both pumping and probe beams in a Doppler-free configuration. A simple theoretical treatment including Doppler broadening is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental measurement.
Abstract Coherent probe field (L A ) propagation through an eight-level inverted Y-type atomic system, in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields termed the field L C (control or pump field) and the field L B (repump field), is investigated by using the parameters of 87 Rb 5 S 1 / 2 → 5 P 3 / 2 → 7 S 1 / 2 transitions. The system has two ground energy levels, four intermediate energy levels, and two uppermost energy levels. A theoretical model based on the density matrix method is used for numerical simulation of the probe response under different conditions. Simulated probe absorption spectra under a Doppler-free condition as well as under thermal averaging exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The position and line shape of this EIT profile change with different detunings of the control and repump fields. When the three coherent fields share a common level, a funnel-like EIT window appears in the simulated probe absorption curve. Velocity selective optically pumped absorption peaks are seen in the simulated probe response at room temperature.