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Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Vortex Formations from Domain Wall Annihilations in Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates

Hiromitsu Takeuch, Kenichi Kasamatsu, Muneto Nitta, Makoto Tsubota

Published Nov 17, 2010• 13 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10909-010-0294-0

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We theoretically study the vortex formation from the collision of the domain walls in phase-separated two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. The collision process mimics the tachyon condensation for the annihilation of D-brane and anti-D-brane in string theory. A pair annihilation leaves the quantized vortices with superflow along their core, namely `superflowing cosmic strings'. It is revealed that the line density and the core size of the vortices depend on the initial distance between the walls.
We show theoretically that a domain-wall annihilation in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates causes tachyon condensation accompanied by spontaneous symmetry breaking in a two-dimensional subspace. Three-dimensional vortex formation from domain-wall annihilations is considered a kink formation in subspace. Numerical experiments reveal that the subspatial dynamics obey the dynamic scaling law of phase-ordering kinetics. This model is experimentally feasible and provides insights into how the extra dimensions influence subspatial phase transition in higher-dimensional space.