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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Vortices in two-component weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates

S. Bargi, J. Christensson, G. M. Kavoulakis, K. Kärkkäinen, Y. C. Yu, M. Manninen, S. M. Reimann

Published Mar 5, 2007• 0 citations
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The dynamics of quantized vortices in two-dimensional two-component miscible Bose-Einstein condensates trapped by a box potential has been numerically studied using the Gross-Pitaevskii model. We have discovered a phenomenon where the vortices of the two components spatially separate from each other, which we call the phase separation of the distribution of vortices. This phase separation occurs when the intercomponent coupling is strong. Onsager vortices, on the other hand, are formed in both components when the intercomponent coupling is weak. We distinguish between Onsager vortices and phase-separated vortices by two types of effective distances between vortices. The dependence of the transition between the Onsager vortices and phase-separated vortices on the intercomponent interaction is also studied.
Abstract In contrast to one-component Bose-Einstein condensate case, the vortices in two-component condensate can have various complicated structures. The vortices in a space-homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate have been studied in this paper. It is shown that the vortex structure is described by three dimensionless parameters. This is totally different from the usual one-component condensate case,where an isolated vortex is described by a parameterless dimensionless equation. The two-component vortex structure strongly depends on the sign of “interaction” constant of the components. A few types of vortices with different qualitative structure are explored. We show that the “super-density vortices” can exist, when the “interaction” constant is positive. The “super-density vortices” have the near-axis density greater than the equilibrium density of a homogeneous space Bose-Einstein condensate. We also show that the vortices with opposite direction of the condensate component rotation near the axis and far off the axis can exist.
We numerically study the dynamics of quantized vortices in two-dimensional two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) trapped by a box potential. For one-component BECs in a box potential, it is known that quantized vortices form Onsager vortices, which are clusters of same-sign vortices. We confirm that the vortices of the two components spatially separate from each other-even for miscible two-component BECs-suppressing the formation of Onsager vortices. This phenomenon is caused by the repulsive interaction between vortices belonging to different components, hence, suggesting a new possibility for vortex phase separation.