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The European Physical Journal Applied Physics

Efficient technique for measuring laser frequency stability

Armen D. Sargsyan, A. Papoyan, David G. Sarkisyan, Antoine Weis

Published Sep 21, 2009• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a new technique for measuring the frequency stability of cw laser radiation. The technique relies on using the laser to be tested as a coupling laser in a scheme of electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT), either on a or a ladder system. A second, frequency tunable laser (stabilization of this laser is not needed) is used both to act as the EIT probe laser, and to form an atomic frequency reference spectrum. The frequency stability is monitored via the frequency deviation of the EIT resonance with respect to an atomic reference frequency. We also present an improved dichroic atomic vapor laser lock (DAVLL) method for frequency stabilization based on a nanocell with a thickness.

DOI
10.1051/epjap/2009147

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We propose a new technique for measuring the frequency stability of cw laser radiation. The technique relies on using the laser to be tested as a coupling laser in a scheme of electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT), either on a or a ladder system. A second, frequency tunable laser (stabilization of this laser is not needed) is used both to act as the EIT probe laser, and to form an atomic frequency reference spectrum. The frequency stability is monitored via the frequency deviation of the EIT resonance with respect to an atomic reference frequency. We also present an improved dichroic atomic vapor laser lock (DAVLL) method for frequency stabilization based on a nanocell with a thickness.
Frequency stabilization of a diode laser at 480 nm is crucial for coherently exciting rubidium atoms to Rydberg states.A laser frequency stabilization technique is reported based on electromagnetically induced transparency in a ladder configuration with a polarization spectrum stabilized 780 nm diode laser as the probe laser and a 480 nm laser as the coupling laser.With a uniform magnetic field,a two-photon dichroic atomic vapor laser lock(DAVLL) spectroscopy was generated.Then this spectroscopy was fed back through two proportion-integral-differential circuits to lock the 480 nm diode laser.A combined linewidth of about 1 MHz is achieved during the locking period.
Frequency locking to reference atomic lines using Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has been recently introduced as an inexpensive and reliable technique for laser frequency stabilization. In this work, we carry out a systematic study of this technique using heterodyne beat spectroscopy. Two different commercial semi-conductor lasers are locked to the same reference frequency using EIT locking, and their relative frequency stability is analyzed and continuously monitored in real time. A substantial improvement in the laser frequency stability is achieved through searching for the optimal proportional–integral settings and EIT probe laser powers. The results show that the cutoff frequency of the beat signal can be lowered to less than 500 kHz. We also compare the frequencies of free running lasers with that of a locked laser and characterize their frequency drifts. This study is important in assessing the use of Rydberg EIT locking in atomic electrometers.
Abstract We introduce a novel scheme which combines conventional Doppler dichroic atomic vapor laser lock (DAVLL) and nanofiber techniques for realizing frequency stabilization with sub-nanowatt laser power. The dependences of DAVLL signal on the total incident power of probe light and the quantification magnetic field amplitude indicate that the power for frequency stabilization could be minimized to only 15 pW. To evaluate the frequency stability of the locked laser, we calculate the Allan standard deviation, which shows that the relative frequency stability could reach 10 −10 level at 10 s. This frequency stabilization scheme paves the road for future quantum optical device integration.
We present two techniques to lock a laser frequency on an atomic transition line by using an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) signals, which give optical and electric feedback. We employed these methods to the D2 line of Rb87 atoms. Spectral characteristics of subnatural linewidth EIT allow us to improve frequency stability. By optical feedback of EIT signals, we were able to obtain locking bandwidths of 12 MHz, while frequency stability was 5×10−13 at best after 100 s of integration using a frequency modulation technique.
An electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) signal is observed in a V-type energy level scheme in a cesium vapor cell at room temperature. The effects of frequency detuning and the intensity of the pump laser on the EIT signal have been investigated. The performance of the probe-diode laser system, which is frequency stabilized on the EIT signal by using electrical feedback, is explored. The first derivative of the EIT signal offers a steeper slope and better S/N ratio for laser frequency stabilization than that of the Doppler-free hyperfine and crossover resonances. A comparative study of the frequency stability of an external-cavity diode laser stabilized at EIT and at the crossover resonance is presented. The square root of the Allan variance (σ) vs. integration time (τ) plot shows about a tenfold improvement in the frequency stability of the EIT-locked laser (σ ∼ 2.043 × 10 −13 τ −1/2 ) over that of the crossover-locked laser under a short integration time (1–10 ms), whereas a twofold improvement is found under a long integration time (∼1 s).
We present a laser frequency locking to Rydberg transition with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra in a room-temperature cesium vapor cell. Cesium levels 6S 1/2 , 6P 3/2 , and the n D 5/2 state, compose a cascade three-level system, where a coupling laser drives Rydberg transition, and probe laser detects the EIT signal. The error signal, obtained by demodulating the EIT signal, is used to lock the coupling laser frequency to Rydberg transition. The laser frequency fluctuation, ∼0.7 MHz, is obtained after locking on, with the minimum Allan variance to be 8.9 × 10 −11 . This kind of locking method can be used to stabilize the laser frequency to the excited transition.