I will review the physics of parametric amplification and frequency conversion, and describe three recent applications of parametric devices: (a) low-noise four-fold multicasting, (b) hybrid amplification and (c) quantum-state-preserving frequency conversion for quantum communication systems.
The colored rings shown in figure 1 are a spectacular manifestation of one type of nonlinear optical frequency conversion: parametric amplification of quantum noise. The amplification in this case is produced by the propagation of an intense pulse of ultraviolet radiation through a crystal of barium borate. When intense electromagnetic radiation propagates through such a material, whose polarization response at optical frequencies manifests a strongly nonlinear dependence on electric field amplitude, nonlinear mixing of the input radiation generates new spectral components. We can exploit this phenomenon to generate coherent radiation at frequencies for which we have no convenient laser sources.