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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Dynamical Critical Exponent of the Two-Dimensional Ising Model

Bernd Dammann, Joseph D. Reger

Published Jan 10, 1993• 43 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We derive twenty nontrivial terms of the high-temperature series expansion for the linear relaxation time τ of the time-displaced correlation function C(t) = ⟨ m (0) m(t) ⟩ of the magnetization m(t) in the two-dimensional nearest-neighbour ferromagnetic Ising model on the square lattice. We study the dynamics introduced by Glauber and compute the longest (characteristic) relaxation time of C(t) . We analyse the series by using unbiased and biased methods, such as the ratio method, Padé approximants and generalized differential approximants. It is reassuring that all the methods yield compatible results providing the estimate for the dynamical critical exponent: z = 2.183 ± 0.005.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/21/2/006

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We derive twenty nontrivial terms of the high-temperature series expansion for the linear relaxation time τ of the time-displaced correlation function C(t) = ⟨ m (0) m(t) ⟩ of the magnetization m(t) in the two-dimensional nearest-neighbour ferromagnetic Ising model on the square lattice. We study the dynamics introduced by Glauber and compute the longest (characteristic) relaxation time of C(t) . We analyse the series by using unbiased and biased methods, such as the ratio method, Padé approximants and generalized differential approximants. It is reassuring that all the methods yield compatible results providing the estimate for the dynamical critical exponent: z = 2.183 ± 0.005.
For the two-dimensional nearest-neighbor kinetic Ising model without conservation laws, we derive on the square lattice the high-temperature series expansion of the autorelaxation time, to the eleventh order. With use of ratio methods and Pad\'e approximants, we obtain for the dynamical critical exponent ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathit{A}}$ the value 2.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03, which implies the value 2.34\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 for the linear relaxation exponent z. This value is about 10% larger than several other recent estimates. This discrepancy is possibly due to the relatively small number of nonzero coefficients in the series expansion.
We study the critical relaxation of the two-dimensional Ising model from a fully ordered configuration by series expansion in time ttt and by Monte Carlo simulation. Both the magnetization (m)(m)(m) and energy series are obtained up to 12th order. An accurate estimate from series analysis for the dynamical critical exponent zzz is difficult but compatible with 2.2. We also use Monte Carlo simulation to determine an effective exponent, ${z}_{\mathrm{eff}}(t)=\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{8}d\mathrm{ln}t/d\mathrm{ln}m$, directly from a ratio of three-spin correlation to mmm. Extrapolation to $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{t}\ensuremath{\infty}$ leads to an estimate $z=2.169\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003$.
In this work we study the Glauber dynamics of the one-dimensional Ising model with nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor interactions, for which an approximate solution of the magnetization per site is obtained. When the dynamical critical exponent z is investigated following the treatment of Cordery, Sarker, and Tobochnik [Phys. Rev. B 24, 5402 (1981)], our observation shows that its upper-bound value is the same as the known value, thus implying that z is independent of the range of the interaction. We also suggest a high-temperature expansion approximation which is then used to solve the two-dimensional Glauber dynamics governed by a master equation; this solution is compared with that of the decoupling method. The time-delayed correlation function is also calculated.
The modified definition of the correlation length for the four dimensional Ising model \xi \propto \epsilon^{-\nu} log^{1/6}\epsilon [1] predicts that the relaxation time for a quantity near the critical temperature T_c should diverge as \tau \propto \epsilon^{-\Delta} log^{\Delta/3}\epsilon where \epsilon, \nu, and \Delta are, respectively, the reduced temperature ( \epsilon=( T_c-T )/T_c, T_c = 6.68 ), the correlation length critical exponent, and a dynamical critical exponent. The \tau-data for the nonlinear relaxation of the order parameter computed on the Creutz cellular automaton [2,3], by using the finite-size lattices of linear dimension L = 12 and 14 as approximations to the infinite lattice for T.
A markoffian stochastic model of interacting Ising spins is discussed near its critical point. The long time behavior of relaxation of its magnetization and energy is investigated near T c by the use of high-temperature series expansion and the ratio method. The numerical estimate of the critical exponent Δ M M of slowing down of magnetization is made, the results of which show Δ M M ≃2 for the simple square and triangular lattices, and Δ M M ≃1.4 for the simple cubic lattice. The exponent Δ E E of slowing down of energy is also estimated, which gives the result Δ E E ≃2 for the simple square and triangular lattices. The method to derive high-temperature expansion of an n -spin correlation function <σ 1 σ 2 …σ n > for an Ising model of spin 1/2 by the use of an equation of detailed balance is presented and applied to these estimates.