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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Preparing photon pairs entangled in any desired spatial modes via interference

Enrique J. Galvez

Published May 13, 2011• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This article presents a proposal for producing photon pairs in states that are entangled in their spatial modes. The method sends collinear pairs of photons to an unbalanced interferometer with diffractive optical elements, and uses coherence and timing discrimination to create entangled states.
DOI
10.1117/12.883651

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This article presents a proposal for preparing photon pairs in states that are entangled in their spatial modes. The method allows the encoding of any pair of spatial modes that is desired, without restrictions; a procedure that up to now has been elusive. This method consists of three steps: preparing photon pairs in polarization-entangled states, filtering the spatial mode, and use of polarization interferometers with diffractive mode-encoding elements to effect entanglement swapping between polarization and spatial modes. An extension of the method consists of entangling polarization and spatial mode, allowing the preparation of a 4-qubit cluster state of two photons.
In this paper, a scheme for frequency-entanglement preparation is proposed and demonstrated based on the coherent manipulation of the frequency nondegenerate energy-time entangled state through an unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometer (UMZI). The principle of the coherent manipulation process is analyzed theoretically and demonstrated by experiments of nonclassical two-photon interference under different phase differences between the two arms in the UMZI, showing a fringe visibility of (96.9±1.0)%. The frequency-entangled two-photon state can be prepared under a proper phase difference, which is demonstrated by an experiment of spatial quantum beating with a fitting visibility of (99.0±0.8)%. The proposed scheme provides a simple and general way to prepare frequency-entangled states from the frequency nondegenerate energy-time entangled state, which can be easily realized through setups based on fiber optics.