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Chinese Physics Letters

Deterministic Secure Direct Communication by Using Swapping Quantum Entanglement and Local Unitary Operations

Man Zhong-Xiao, Zhanjun Zhang, Yong Li

Published Dec 23, 2004• 232 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A deterministic direct quantum communication protocol is proposed by using swapping quantum entanglement and local unitary operations. The present protocol is secure for the proof of the security of the present scheme, the same as that in the two-step protocol [Phys. Rev. A 68 (2003) 042317]. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of the present protocol is also discussed.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/22/1/006

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A deterministic direct quantum communication protocol by using swapping quantum entanglement and local unitary operations is proposed in this paper. A set of ordered EPR pairs in one of the four Bell states is used. For each pair, each of the two legitimate users owns a photon of the entangled pair via quantum channel. The pairs are divided into two types of group, i.e., the checking groups and the encoding-decoding groups. In the checking groups, taking advantage of the swapping quantum entanglement and Alice's (the message sender's) public announcement, the eavesdropping can be detected provided that the number of the checking groups is big enough. After insuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice encodes her bits via the local unitary operations on the encoding-decoding groups. Then she performs her Bell measurements on her photons and publicly announces her measurement results. After her announcement, the message receiver Bob performs his Bell measurements on his photons and directly extracts the encoding bits by using the property of the quantum entanglement swapping. The security of the present scheme is also discussed: under the attack scenarios to our best knowledge, the scheme is secure.
A protocol is proposed to fulfill quantum secure direct communication via swapping entanglement and local operation. Based on the scheme, we discuss something about the utilization of resource and the security of communication. We find that it is absolutely secure to transmit classical information using the scheme proposed. But the average amount of information loaded by each qubit is invariable, although the qubits' amount belonged to a maximally entanglement state is different. By using this scheme can we also improve the communicating efficiency.