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National Conference on Communications

Characterizing multi-photon states using gated photo-detection

Shree Krishnamoorthy, S. Thiruthakkathevan, Anil Prabhakar

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a system that can temporally separate photons in a multi-photon resolving detector. A time delay, using 239m of optical fibre in a feedback loop sends a part of the incident photon stream back to the system, through a directional coupler. The residual optical power is detected using a gated avalanche photo-detector. The two primary aspects considered while studying this system were the separation of photon pulse in space by the coupler, and the timing aspects of the setup required to achieve synchronization between detector and the source. A timing analysis permits us to verify some properties of the input coherent optical state.

DOI
10.1109/ncc.2010.5430154

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Time resolved photon counting was used to separate the different photon states emitted from a strongly attenuated laser source. We first describe a method to quantify the efficiency of our gated avalanche photo-detector, by relying on known Poissonian statistics. The detector was then optimized under different temperature and bias voltage conditions using the noise equivalent power as a metric. Finally, coherent pulses are sent into a ring cavity, such that the tapped output from the cavity forms a series of time multiplexed pulses, which then yield the photon counting statistics. We observed good agreement between theoretical estimates and experimental observations, to as low as 0.01% probability of detection.
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We propose a design for a photon-counting detector that is capable of resolving multiphoton events. The basic element of the setup is a fiber loop, which traps the input field with the help of a fast electro-optic switch. A single weakly coupled avalanche photodiode is used to detect small portions of the signal field extracted from the loop. We analyze the response of the loop detector to an arbitrary input field and discuss both the reconstruction of the photon-number distribution of an unknown field from the count statistics measured in the setup and the application of the detector in conditional-state preparation.
Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system. A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector. This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs). All of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal. The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector. The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses. The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.
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