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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Squeezing of radiation in nonlinear optical processes

Partha Sarathi Gupta

Published Feb 14, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Squeezing of radiation is a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon which has no classical counterpart. This quantum effect is expected to manifest itself in optical processes in which the nonlinear response of the system to the radiation field plays an important role. The concept of squeezing started in mid 1980s. Since then there has been an enormous upsurge of interest in this field owing to its low noise property. In the present paper various aspects of squeezing of radiation are studied and possible means of generation of squeezed light in which the quantum fluctuations are reduced below shot noise limit are investigated. The amplitude of the electric field of a mode of an electromagnetic field is always associated with quantum mechanical fluctuations. Squeezing states are characterised by reduced quantum fluctuations in one quadrature component of the field at the expense of increased fluctuations in the other noncommuting component. A fully quantum mechanical approach is followed. In the present paper we intend to review different aspects of squeezing and higher order squeezing in higher order Raman processes as well as in multiwave mixing processes. A comparative study between different processes are made which will pave a way for easier generation of squeezed light.

DOI
10.1117/12.453555

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Squeezing of radiation is a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon which has no classical counterpart. This quantum effect is expected to manifest itself in optical processes in which the nonlinear response of the system to the radiation field plays an important role. The concept of squeezing started in mid 1980s. Since then there has been an enormous upsurge of interest in this field owing to its low noise property. In the present paper various aspects of squeezing of radiation are studied and possible means of generation of squeezed light in which the quantum fluctuations are reduced below shot noise limit are investigated. The amplitude of the electric field of a mode of an electromagnetic field is always associated with quantum mechanical fluctuations. Squeezing states are characterised by reduced quantum fluctuations in one quadrature component of the field at the expense of increased fluctuations in the other noncommuting component. A fully quantum mechanical approach is followed. In the present paper we intend to review different aspects of squeezing and higher order squeezing in higher order Raman processes as well as in multiwave mixing processes. A comparative study between different processes are made which will pave a way for easier generation of squeezed light.
Squeezing of the electromagnetic field is a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon and this quantum effect is expected to manifest itself in optical processes in which the nonlinear response of the system to the radiation field plays an important role. It has generated a great deal of interest in view of the possibility of reducing the noise of an optical signal below the vacuum limit i.e. zero-point oscillations. In this paper the concept of nth-order amplitude squeezing is introduced in the fundamental mode in four- and six-wave mixing processes as a generalization of the higher-order squeezing under short-time approximation based on a fully quantum mechanical approach. It established the coupled Heisenberg equations of motion involving real and imaginary parts of the quadrature operators. The condition for occurrence of nth-order squeezing is obtained from which higher-order squeezing upto n=3 are studied. Dependence of squeezing on photon number is also established. The conditions for obtaining maximum and minimum squeezing are obtained. The method of present investigation can be applied to any higher-order non-linear optical processes and the technique can also be extended for studying squeezing in any N-photon process in general. Further, nth-order squeezing of radiation in N-photon process can also be investigated. The results obtained may help in selecting a suitable process to generate optimum squeezing in the radiation field.
Squeezing of electro-magnetic field, which is a purely quantum phenomenon has attracted considerable attention owing to its low noise property with applications in high quality telecommunication. This quantum effect is expected to manifest itself in optical processes in which the nonlinear response of the system to the radiation field plays an important role. In this paper squeezing of electro-magnetic field in multi-wave mixing processes like Raman and hyper Raman processes and sum- frequency generation are investigated under short-time approximation. The coupled Heisenberg quantum mechanical equations of motion for field operators are set up and solved under short-time approximation. The occurrence of squeezing of field is investigated using the required conditions of squeezing in each of the cases. The squeezing is found to exist in the fundamental mode and the squeezing in the generated field depends on squeezing in the fundamental mode. Squeezing in the higher order amplitudes are also studied. This corresponds to the squeezing of the variables which describe the real and imaginary parts of square and cube of the complex amplitudes of the radiation field. The higher order multimode sum-squeezing of radiation field is dealt with for harmonic and sum frequency generation. It is shown that squeezing in the sum frequency field depends directly on the sum squeezing of fundamental modes. The results can be utilized in selecting a suitable material and suitable process which will generate a radiation field with optimum squeezing and can be useful in high quality tele-communication.
Squeezing of electro-magnetic field, which is a purely quantum phenomenon has attracted considerable attention owing to its low noise property with applications in high quality telecommunication. This quantum effect is expected to manifest itself in optical processes in which the nonlinear response of the system to the radiation field plays an important role. In this paper squeezing of electro- magnetic field in some multi-photon processes are investigated under short-time approximation. The processes studied include Raman and hyper Raman processes and sum- frequency generation. The coupled Heisenberg equations of motion for field operators are set up and solved under short-time approximation. The occurrence of squeezing of field is investigated using the required conditions of squeezing in each of the cases. The squeezing is found to exist in the fundamental mode and the squeezing in the generated field depends on squeezing in fundamental mode. Squeezing in higher order amplitudes are also studied. This corresponds to the squeezing of the variables which describe the real and imaginary parts of square and cube of the complex amplitudes of the radiation field. The higher order multimode sum squeezing of radiation field is dealt with for harmonic and sum frequency generation. It s shown that squeezing in the sum frequency field depends directly on the sum squeezing of fundamental modes. The results can be utilized in selecting a suitable process which will generate a radiation field with optimum squeezing and can be useful in high quality telecommunication.
Squeezing is a fundamental quantum optical phenomenon - induced by various nonlinear optical processes - in which a special state of the electromagnetic field is generated, for which quantum noise fluctuations are reduced below the shot noise level for certain frequency ranges. Two qualitatively different kinds of squeezing are currently known to take place in optical fibers. The first is the four-wave mixing (FWM) induced quadrature squeezing, in which an intense continuous wave (CW) pump initiates a spontaneous emission of signal and idler waves from vacuum fluctuations at symmetric detunings from the pump. The noise components at the signal and idler frequencies become correlated via the fiber nonlinearity, leading to a reduction of the noise power spectrum below the shot noise level. All the waves participating to the FWM-induced squeezing are monochromatic waves. The second kind of squeezing is the so called self-phase modulation (SPM) induced squeezing, in which the spectral components of an intense short pulse in a coherent state become correlated via the SPM during propagation. We demonstrate theoretically that a third kind of squeezing is possible in optical fibers, in which the noise spectrum of the quasi-monochromatic resonant radiation (RR) emitted by optical solitons when subject to perturbations shows evidence of photon correlation and a reduction of noise below the shot-noise level.
The occurrence of fourth and fifth-order squeezing in the fundamental mode of the electromagnetic field in spontaneous and stimulated Raman processes under the short-time approximation is investigated on the basis of a fully quantum-mechanical approach. In an idealized model, the Raman process is looked upon as a two-photon on a one phonon interaction process. The coupled Heisenberg equations of motion involving real and imaginary parts of the quadrature operators are established. The dependence of fourth- and fifth-order squeezing in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio on the number of photons is investigated. We have also established the amplitude squeezing effects in the Stokes and vibrational modes, which is found to be dependent on higher-order difference squeezing showing a difference squeezing that can be converted to normal squeezing.