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Optics Letters

Nonlinear phase shift and all-optical switching in quasi-phase-matched quadratic media

Andrey E. Kobyakov, F. Lederer, Ole Bang, Yuri S. Kivshar

Published Apr 1, 1998• 47 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently it was shown that in quasi-phase-matched quadratic media the average intensities are subject to an induced Kerr effect. We analytically study the influence of this induced cubic nonlinearity on the amplitude and phase modulation of the fundamental wave and predict efficient all-optical switching.
DOI
10.1364/ol.23.000506

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Cascaded nonlinear phase shifts via second-harmonic generation are theoretically studied for quasi-phase-matched (QPM) structures. Both the effective phase mismatch and the structure itself contribute to the resultant nonlinear phase shift. Depending on the sign of the effective phase mismatch, structural contribution may enhance or depress the nonlinear phase shift. The fundamental wave will experience a nonlinear phase shift even if the effective phase matching is satisfied. By properly designing the effective phase mismatch, QPM structures with large material-based phase mismatch may provide large nonlinear phase shifts before saturation.
In conventional frequency conversion based on chi(2)-induced nonlinear optical effects, a number of phase-matching techniques have been deployed to resolve the phase mismatch between the interacting waves. In this work, we report that in the quasi-phase-matching scheme, the accumulation of the phase mismatch can induce a quasi-phase-mismatch effect. And on the contrary, instead of eliminating the phase mismatch, modulating the quasi-phase-mismatch effect can lead to bandwidth enhancement and multiple-wavelength conversion. Both of these are essential factors for applications in nonlinear frequency conversion. As examples, designs with reset-periodic and cascaded-periodic optical superlattices based on such modulation are presented.
In this complement we discuss several examples of optical phenomena in media where the refractive index depends nonlinearly on the intensity , known as optical Kerr media. This nonlinear effect exists in all materials, even isotropic ones, like glass or fused silica, but it is particularly marked in certain physical systems to be exemplified in Section 7B.1. After investigating the propagation of light through such media in Section 7B.2, we shall discuss three applications of the optical Kerr effect (which can be studied in any order). We begin by describing a bistable optical system , when this nonlinear medium is inserted in a Fabry–Perot cavity (Section 7B.3). We then study phase conjugate mirrors and examine their potential applications in adaptive optics (Section 7B.4). Finally, we discuss certain effects occurring during the propagation of an isolated wave, bounded either transversely or temporally, in a Kerr medium, and describe self-focusing effects (Section 7B.5) and self-phase-modulation effects (Section 7B.6). In particular, we shall show that nonlinear effects and dispersion effects can compensate to produce stable structures known as solitons , which maintain their shape during propagation. Examples of third-order nonlinearities Nonlinear response of two-level atoms We begin by studying a simple case of a nonlinear interaction, namely a two-level quantum system under the effects of a plane wave.
The present calculation on squeezing capabilities of quadratic nonlinear media in which the phase matching condition is achieved artificially by a periodic poling of the nonlinear susceptibility shows that interesting performance can be obtained for highly integrable and nonlinear materials, using technologies already developed. The origin of squeezing in quasi-phase matched (QPM) media is the cascading of two second order nonlinearities, which at small second harmonic conversion rates has properties similar to a more familiar, purely third order nonlinear effect—Kerr effect.