Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Dynamic Zeeman effect in the active medium of an iodine laser amplifier

Valery M. Kiselev, Nikolai Anatoljevich Gryaznov, L I Rodina

Published Mar 31, 1989• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A solution of the Maxwell–Bloch equations is used to analyze the dynamic Zeeman effect for steady-state and transient optical fields interacting with the active medium of an iodine laser amplifier.
DOI
10.1070/qe1989v019n03abeh007846

Related papers

Optical Bloch equations

Malin Premaratne, Govind Prasad Agrawal

The analysis in Chapter 3 used a phenomenological form of the permittivity to describe active materials. A proper understanding of optical amplification requires a quantum-mechanical approach for describing the interaction of light with atoms of an active medium [1]. However, even a relatively simple atom such as hydrogen or helium allows so many energy transitions that its full description is intractable even with modern computing machinery [2, 3]. The only solution is to look for idealized models that contain the most essential features of a realistic system. The semiclassical two-level-atom model has proven to be quite successful in this respect [4]. Even though a real atom has infinitely many energy levels, two energy levels whose energy difference nearly matches the photon energy suffice to understand the interaction dynamics when the atom interacts with nearly monochromatic radiation. Moreover, if the optical field contains a sufficiently large number of photons (> 100), it can be treated classically using a set of optical Bloch equations. In this chapter, we learn the underlying physical concepts behind the optical Bloch equations. We apply these equations in subsequent chapters to actual optical amplifiers and show that they can be solved analytically under certain conditions to provide a realistic description of optical amplifiers. It is essential to have a thorough understanding of the concept of a quantum state [5]. To effectively use the modern machinery of quantum mechanics, physical states need to be represented as vectors in so-called Hilbert space [6].

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Feb 3, 2011•1 citation

Theory of optical maser amplifiers

F. T. Arecchi, R. Bonifacio

The interaction between an electromagnetic (em) pulse and a maser medium is described by a general set of five equations, under the assumption of a homogeneously broadened electric-dipole transition with two Bloch relaxation times T2and T1and of a linear broadband loss mechanism. When the equations are specialized at resonance, their solutions include the results of the previous treatments on the amplifier problem obtained under particular assumptions. The steady-state pulse (S. S. P.) introduced by Wittke and Warter forT_{2}/T_{1} = 0is here generalized forT_{2}/T_{1} \neq 0and it is shown to propagate at the same velocity of the light in the medium. In the caseT_{2}/T_{1} = 0the steady state is described by exact analytical relations. For times short in comparison to the relaxation times, a solution is given which generalizes the usual interaction formula between an em field and a two-level system by introducing propagation effects. In the general case out of resonance, it is shown that an S. S. P. exists, and that its frequency coincides with the frequency of the atomic transition, independent of the frequency of the input field.

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Jul 1, 1965•268 citations

Coherent effects in lasers and amplifiers

É. M. Belenov, Peter G. Kryukov, A. Nazarkin +2 more

A review of basic analytical results on coherent propagation of optical pulses through nondegenerate amplifying media is presented. Original numerical results concerning pulse coherent amplification by degenerate media and, in particular, by the amplifying medium of an iodine laser are described also. Furthermore, some analytical results on coherent effects in the pulsed mode of laser generation are given. We have pointed out that the stochastic mode of laser radiation is related also to the coherency of interaction of a laser field with matter.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•May 1, 1988•10 citations

Numerical Methods and Application for Optical Maxwell-Bloch Equations

Hua Zhang

An accurate and effective numerical method is presented to solve the Maxwell-Bloch equations,which describe the optical pulse propagation and interaction with homogeneously broadened two-level medium.The convergence and stability of this numerical method are also proved by comparing with the analytic solutions derived under special condition,and the method maintains its erroneous exponents and is applicable.Simulations of arbitrary conditions are discussed by employing this new method,and the evolutions of pulse and Bloch vectors for different detunings,relaxation times and initial input pulse power are analyzed.The established numerical method can be used to solve the Maxwell-Bloch equations and their corrections.

ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations

On the theory of a Zeeman laser

Peter X. Hammerling

The theory of an optical maser in the presence of an external static magnetic field has been discussed recently by several authors. It is shown here that a considerable simplification of the theory results when one uses a tensor operator expansion of the density matrix describing the system.

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Dec 1, 1967•1 citation

Multilevel paraxial Maxwell-Bloch equation description of short pulse amplification in the atomic iodine laser

M. E. Riley, Thomas D. Padrick, R. Palmer

Equations appropriate for amplification of short pulses in the multilevel atomic iodine amplifier are developed from the Maxwell-Bloch equations with homogeneous line broadening. The equations are implemented in the form of a two-dimensional time-dependent finite-difference computer code with six population densities, six medium polarization densities, and adaptive propagation capabilities. The Sandia atomic iodine laser was used to examine the adequacy of the theoretical description for amplification conditions covering the full range of gain saturation. Whole-beam self-focusing is observed with a strongly saturating small-waist beam in agreement with predictions. Calculations predict that this self-focusing instability may be controlled by tuning the multiline amplifier bandwidth.

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Mar 1, 1979•12 citations
The analysis in Chapter 3 used a phenomenological form of the permittivity to describe active materials. A proper understanding of optical amplification requires a quantum-mechanical approach for describing the interaction of light with atoms of an active medium [1]. However, even a relatively simple atom such as hydrogen or helium allows so many energy transitions that its full description is intractable even with modern computing machinery [2, 3]. The only solution is to look for idealized models that contain the most essential features of a realistic system. The semiclassical two-level-atom model has proven to be quite successful in this respect [4]. Even though a real atom has infinitely many energy levels, two energy levels whose energy difference nearly matches the photon energy suffice to understand the interaction dynamics when the atom interacts with nearly monochromatic radiation. Moreover, if the optical field contains a sufficiently large number of photons (> 100), it can be treated classically using a set of optical Bloch equations. In this chapter, we learn the underlying physical concepts behind the optical Bloch equations. We apply these equations in subsequent chapters to actual optical amplifiers and show that they can be solved analytically under certain conditions to provide a realistic description of optical amplifiers. It is essential to have a thorough understanding of the concept of a quantum state [5]. To effectively use the modern machinery of quantum mechanics, physical states need to be represented as vectors in so-called Hilbert space [6].
The interaction between an electromagnetic (em) pulse and a maser medium is described by a general set of five equations, under the assumption of a homogeneously broadened electric-dipole transition with two Bloch relaxation times T2and T1and of a linear broadband loss mechanism. When the equations are specialized at resonance, their solutions include the results of the previous treatments on the amplifier problem obtained under particular assumptions. The steady-state pulse (S. S. P.) introduced by Wittke and Warter forT_{2}/T_{1} = 0is here generalized forT_{2}/T_{1} \neq 0and it is shown to propagate at the same velocity of the light in the medium. In the caseT_{2}/T_{1} = 0the steady state is described by exact analytical relations. For times short in comparison to the relaxation times, a solution is given which generalizes the usual interaction formula between an em field and a two-level system by introducing propagation effects. In the general case out of resonance, it is shown that an S. S. P. exists, and that its frequency coincides with the frequency of the atomic transition, independent of the frequency of the input field.
A review of basic analytical results on coherent propagation of optical pulses through nondegenerate amplifying media is presented. Original numerical results concerning pulse coherent amplification by degenerate media and, in particular, by the amplifying medium of an iodine laser are described also. Furthermore, some analytical results on coherent effects in the pulsed mode of laser generation are given. We have pointed out that the stochastic mode of laser radiation is related also to the coherency of interaction of a laser field with matter.
An accurate and effective numerical method is presented to solve the Maxwell-Bloch equations,which describe the optical pulse propagation and interaction with homogeneously broadened two-level medium.The convergence and stability of this numerical method are also proved by comparing with the analytic solutions derived under special condition,and the method maintains its erroneous exponents and is applicable.Simulations of arbitrary conditions are discussed by employing this new method,and the evolutions of pulse and Bloch vectors for different detunings,relaxation times and initial input pulse power are analyzed.The established numerical method can be used to solve the Maxwell-Bloch equations and their corrections.
Equations appropriate for amplification of short pulses in the multilevel atomic iodine amplifier are developed from the Maxwell-Bloch equations with homogeneous line broadening. The equations are implemented in the form of a two-dimensional time-dependent finite-difference computer code with six population densities, six medium polarization densities, and adaptive propagation capabilities. The Sandia atomic iodine laser was used to examine the adequacy of the theoretical description for amplification conditions covering the full range of gain saturation. Whole-beam self-focusing is observed with a strongly saturating small-waist beam in agreement with predictions. Calculations predict that this self-focusing instability may be controlled by tuning the multiline amplifier bandwidth.