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Journal of Physics A Mathematical Nuclear and General

Exact multisoliton solution of the inhomogeneously broadened self-induced transparency equations

P. J. Caudrey, J. Chris Eilbeck, John Gibbon, R. Bullough

Published May 1, 1973• 68 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An exact solution of the inhomogeneously broadened self-induced transparency equations is given which describes the multiple collision of N solitons with different velocities. The solution is the same as the sharp-line solution except that the amplitude dependent velocity of each soliton has a different functional form. An exact N soliton solution of the form of the broadened Maxwell-Bloch equations valid at low densities is also reported.

DOI
10.1088/0305-4470/6/5/001

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An exact solution of the inhomogeneously broadened self-induced transparency equations is given which describes the multiple collision of N solitons with different velocities. The solution is the same as the sharp-line solution except that the amplitude dependent velocity of each soliton has a different functional form. An exact N soliton solution of the form of the broadened Maxwell-Bloch equations valid at low densities is also reported.
A more accurate description of the 2 pi pulse of self-induced transparency is obtained. This is an exact solution of an approximate form of the Maxwell-Bloch equations in which only backscattering is neglected; the equations are valid at densities less than about 10 18 atoms cm -3 . At such densities the 2 pi sech pulse of McCall and Hahn (1967, 1969) remains a good approximate well into the picosecond range. The more accurate solution is chirped by a factor proportional to the square of the ratio of the spectral width of the pulse to its carrier wave frequency. The stability of this pulse solution and other N soliton solutions of the approximate Maxwell-Bloch equations is demonstrated.
This paper presents the analytic solutions of self-induced transparency with transverse variations in resonant media by a self-consistent power series approximation method. We solve the Maxwell-Bloch equations by retaining all integral terms from the inhomogeneous broadening and the second-derivative terms with respect to distance and time. The lowest-order approximation is presented in detail. We discuss the characteristics of the distortionless pulses that propagate in an inhomogeneously broadening medium. It is shown that the group velocity and peak power of the self-induced transparency solitons could be represented in terms of the pulse width, the angle between phase velocity and group velocity, and the basic material parameters of the resonant medium. The chirping of the soliton is also discussed.
We examine the dynamics of counterpropagating self-induced transparency solitons in three-level media. In a multilevel system, self-induced transparency gives rise to soliton solutions if the propagation is unidirectional, but the collision of counterpropagating pulses destroys the integrability of the underlying equations. We consider the collision of a rightward and a leftward moving self-induced transparency solitary wave by solving the full Maxwell-Bloch equations numerically using a finite-difference time-domain approach. Depending on pulse duration, amplitude and relative polarizations of the initial solitary waves we observe different regimes of interaction. For high group velocities and orthogonal polarizations, secondary solitary waves are born during the interaction, whereas the collision of solitary waves with the same polarization never produces secondary solitary waves but leaves behind a population grating in the interaction region. Because the crucial parameters can be controlled, an experimental confirmation of the predicted interaction regimes should be feasible.
We propose the system of generalized inhomogeneous coupled Hirota–Maxwell–Bloch equations which describes propagation of an optical soliton in an inhomogeneous erbium-doped fiber with two-level resonant atoms. For this system, higher-order dispersion, self-steepening and self-Raman scattering are assumed to be inhomogeneous, like the group velocity dispersion. The exact analytical multisoliton solutions are obtained by employing the simple, straightforward Darboux transformation based on the obtained 3 × 3 Lax pair. As an example, the one- and two-soliton solutions in explicit forms are generated. Then, we give the relative numerical evolution and discuss the propagation characteristics of the pulse.
The self-induced transparency solution of the Bloch-Maxwell equations is found in the case of inhomogeneously broadened resonant atomic lines and a host medium with a Kerr-type nonlinearity in the index of refraction. The characteristic feature of the solution is that the atomic functions are not factorized. The time dependence of the pulse phase is different from that in the case of a sharp atomic line. In addition to the known term quadratic in the pulse envelope, it contains a term increasing in time, attaining a maximum at the trailing edge of the pulse, and rapidly decreasing afterwards. The average carrier frequency is proportional to the square of the spectral width of the atomic line divided by the squared width of the pulse. A satisfactory solution is found by modulation of the center of the Lorentz distribution function of the purely resonant solutions. It is shown that in the presence of the inhomogeneous broadening the problem cannot be solved by a linear perturbation expansion with respect to the Kerr constant. This method leads to divergencies near the trailing edge of the pulse.
We reveal the existence of an optical self-induced-transparency soliton family in a two-level absorbing system down to the few-cycle limit. Based on the few-cycle envelope approximation, we introduce a systematical method of reducing the Maxwell-Bloch equations beyond the slowly varying envelope approximation and characterize the parameter space to achieve slow and fast lights. Verified by direct numerical simulations with full vectorial Maxwell-Bloch equations, we also give the relationships for a number of optical cycles on area theory and pulse group velocity, which demonstrate possible coherent photon-matter interactions.