Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Theory of a multimode photorefractive oscillator: Quantitative results on the frequency shift

Laurent Dambly, H. Zeghlache

Published May 1, 1994• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical analysis of the oscillator with a photorefractive gain is presented. The steady multimode oscillation is considered. In such a system, the cavity light beam undergoes a frequency ``pulling'' due to the nonlinear interaction between light and matter. This frequency shift is evaluated with respect to the empty-cavity frequency. We show that it can be as large as necessary depending on the experimental parameters. This can be a physical interpretation for the periodic (and chaotic) oscillation of several transverse family modes already observed in these setups.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.49.4043

Related papers

Anomalous frequency pulling in the photorefractive oscillators

R. Herrero, Daniel Hennequin

The emission frequency of an optical oscillator is not, in general, the cavity frequency, because it results from a compromise between the cavity and the material (atom, crystal) frequencies: this phenomenon is known as frequency pulling. We study in this paper the mechanisms leading to frequency pulling in oscillators with photorefractive gain (OPG), and compare them with those of lasers. We find that because the pulling in OPG does not depend explicitly on the empty cavity mode frequency, behaviors different from those observed in lasers are obtained. In particular, for a given set of parameters, the frequency pulling has a constant sign, so that the emission frequency is always larger (or smaller) than the maximum gain frequency. This leads to the counterintuitive effect that, in some conditions, the emitted intensity could decrease as the losses are decreased.

Physical Review A•Aug 1, 1999•0 citations

Frequency shift in an oscillator with photorefractive gain

Laurent Dambly, H. Zeghlache

A self-consistent theory is used to derive the frequency shift presented by the oscillating mode in a cavity that contains a photorefractive crystal. A long-time-limit theory has been used to get the steady characteristics of the cavity field. The problem of the weak-field approximation is avoided. This approximation is useless in the case studied because the interaction along the crystal is so strong that one has to take in account the intensity exchange occurring inside the material between the pump and oscillating beams (two-wave mixing). We have fully analyzed the influence of the transverse nature of the beams on the intensity exchange in the two-wave mixing situation. In the photorefractive resonator case, the frequency shift of the oscillating beam is expressed in terms of a ratio that presents poles. The dependence on the problem parameters of these poles is studied and a perturbative method is developed; it is based on the smallness of the transverse overlap between the pump and cavity modes. An analytical expression for this frequency shift is obtained.

Physical Review A•Mar 1, 1993•15 citations

Frequency shift and cavity length in photorefractive resonators

M. D. Ewbank, P. Yeh

Photorefractive resonators exhibit an extremely small frequency difference (Deltaomega/omega~10(-15)) between the oscillating and pumping beams. The observed frequency difference is proportional to cavity-length detuning. This dependence is explained by a photorefractive phase shift that is due to slightly nondegenerate two-wave mixing that compensates for cavity detuning and satisfies the round-trip phase condition for steady-state oscillation. The measured onset or threshold of oscillation as a function of photorefractive gain and intensity agrees with theory.

Optics Letters•Oct 1, 1985•57 citations

Optical gain oscillation by photorefractive two-wave mixing

宁继平 Ning Jiping, Zhongkang Wu

Two-wave coupling in photorefractive media leads to intensity-dependent phase shift as well as energy transfer between the two waves without phase interdisturbance with this mechanism, the theoretical and experimental study on the optical gain oscillation has been done by using an optical ring cavity containing photorefractive media. The experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis.

Chinese Journal of Lasers•Jan 1, 1993•0 citations

Theory of a Photorefractive Resonator

H. Zeghlache, Laurent Dambly, P. Glorieux

A theory of the two-wave mixing in a photorefractive medium placed in a ring cavity is developped following the model first derived by Yariv and Kwong [1]: a steady refractive index involving the photorefractive effect is used as a non-linear source-term (PNL) in the Maxwell equations, and the cavity field is expanded on the transverse cavity modes. In this model we take into account the intensity change of both the pump and resonator beams inside the crystal due to the mutual power exchange: we have developed a multimode model which gives in the long-time limit the z-dependance of the fields (z is the optical axis) for a passage in the crystal, using the expansion in terms of the complete set of the cavity transverse modes. [2]

Nonlinear Dynamics in Optical Systems•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations

Photorefractive-crystal loop oscillator with linear aberrations of the resonator

Adam Mazur, S. G. Odulov, M. S. Soskin

A nonreciprocal phase shift experienced by both the pump and output waves, which appeared in the presence of linear aberrations in a photorefractive-crystal loop resonator, was compensated by a frequency shift or by generation of other longitudinal and/or transverse modes. A theoretical model describing the experimental results was developed.

Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics•Mar 31, 1990•0 citations
A theoretical analysis of the oscillator with a photorefractive gain is presented. The steady multimode oscillation is considered. In such a system, the cavity light beam undergoes a frequency ``pulling'' due to the nonlinear interaction between light and matter. This frequency shift is evaluated with respect to the empty-cavity frequency. We show that it can be as large as necessary depending on the experimental parameters. This can be a physical interpretation for the periodic (and chaotic) oscillation of several transverse family modes already observed in these setups.
The emission frequency of an optical oscillator is not, in general, the cavity frequency, because it results from a compromise between the cavity and the material (atom, crystal) frequencies: this phenomenon is known as frequency pulling. We study in this paper the mechanisms leading to frequency pulling in oscillators with photorefractive gain (OPG), and compare them with those of lasers. We find that because the pulling in OPG does not depend explicitly on the empty cavity mode frequency, behaviors different from those observed in lasers are obtained. In particular, for a given set of parameters, the frequency pulling has a constant sign, so that the emission frequency is always larger (or smaller) than the maximum gain frequency. This leads to the counterintuitive effect that, in some conditions, the emitted intensity could decrease as the losses are decreased.
A self-consistent theory is used to derive the frequency shift presented by the oscillating mode in a cavity that contains a photorefractive crystal. A long-time-limit theory has been used to get the steady characteristics of the cavity field. The problem of the weak-field approximation is avoided. This approximation is useless in the case studied because the interaction along the crystal is so strong that one has to take in account the intensity exchange occurring inside the material between the pump and oscillating beams (two-wave mixing). We have fully analyzed the influence of the transverse nature of the beams on the intensity exchange in the two-wave mixing situation. In the photorefractive resonator case, the frequency shift of the oscillating beam is expressed in terms of a ratio that presents poles. The dependence on the problem parameters of these poles is studied and a perturbative method is developed; it is based on the smallness of the transverse overlap between the pump and cavity modes. An analytical expression for this frequency shift is obtained.
Photorefractive resonators exhibit an extremely small frequency difference (Deltaomega/omega~10(-15)) between the oscillating and pumping beams. The observed frequency difference is proportional to cavity-length detuning. This dependence is explained by a photorefractive phase shift that is due to slightly nondegenerate two-wave mixing that compensates for cavity detuning and satisfies the round-trip phase condition for steady-state oscillation. The measured onset or threshold of oscillation as a function of photorefractive gain and intensity agrees with theory.
A theory of the two-wave mixing in a photorefractive medium placed in a ring cavity is developped following the model first derived by Yariv and Kwong [1]: a steady refractive index involving the photorefractive effect is used as a non-linear source-term (PNL) in the Maxwell equations, and the cavity field is expanded on the transverse cavity modes. In this model we take into account the intensity change of both the pump and resonator beams inside the crystal due to the mutual power exchange: we have developed a multimode model which gives in the long-time limit the z-dependance of the fields (z is the optical axis) for a passage in the crystal, using the expansion in terms of the complete set of the cavity transverse modes. [2]