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Physical Review A

Production and Detection of the Orientation of Ions by Spin-Exchange Collisions with Optically Pumped Rubidium

H. M. Gibbs, G. G. Churchill

Published May 1, 1971• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Radio-frequency spectroscopy of ions has been performed on the ${({\mathrm{Sr}}^{87})}^{+}$, ${({\mathrm{Cd}}^{111})}^{+}$, and ${({\mathrm{Cd}}^{113})}^{+}$ ground states utilizing spin-exchange collisions with optically pumped rubidium atoms for both producing and detecting the orientation.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.3.1617

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A charge-exchange optical pumping experiment to study collisions between Cs atoms and Cs + ions in a He buffer gas is reported. Cs + ions are polarized by charge-exchange collisions with optically pumped Cs atoms. From measurements of the line-widths of the Cs + ion resonance and electron spin resonance, the charge- exchange cross section sigma ce (Cs + -Cs) and electron spin-exchange cross section sigma se (e-Cs)are found to be sigma ce (Cs*-Cs)=(4.5+or-0.5)*10 -14 cm 2 and sigma se (e-Cs)=(2.6+or-0.4)*10 -14 cm 2 respectively.

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Nov 1, 1973•7 citations
Radio-frequency spectroscopy of ions has been performed on the (Sr87)+{({\mathrm{Sr}}^{87})}^{+}(Sr87)+, (Cd111)+{({\mathrm{Cd}}^{111})}^{+}(Cd111)+, and (Cd113)+{({\mathrm{Cd}}^{113})}^{+}(Cd113)+ ground states utilizing spin-exchange collisions with optically pumped rubidium atoms for both producing and detecting the orientation.
In the optical excitation of atoms with polarized light, producing excited atoms, only some of the Zeeman sublevels of the excited state are actually reached, so that large differences of population can be built up between Zeeman sublevels or between hyperfine structure (hfs) levels. This property can be used to detect radio-frequency resonance in optically excited atomic states. These resonances produce a characteristic change in intensity or in the degree of polarization of the light re-emitted. Zeeman intervals, Stark effects, and hfs intervals can be measured in this manner. (The Stark constant of the 63P1 level of Hg and the electric quadrupole moments of the alkali atoms have been obtained in this way.)The technique of “optical pumping” gives a way to concentrate atoms in some of the Zeeman sublevels of one of the hfs levels of the ground state.Atomic orientation has been obtained with the Na atom, in an atomic beam and in the vapor in equilibrium with the metal. The orientation effects have been studied by detection of radio-frequency resonance signals in the ground state. Orientation can be increased many times by adding a variable pressure of a foreign gas to the pure Na vapor. Because of the coupling between nuclear spin and electron spin, nuclear orientation is produced at the same time as atomic orientation.
Introduction 177 I. The Optical Orientation of Atoms 178 II. The Optical Detection of the Orientation of Atoms 181 III. The Effect of Relaxation Phenomena on the Process of Optical Pumping 183 IV. Phenomenological Theory of Optical Orientation of Atoms 188 V. Detection of Radio-Frequency Resonance by the Optical Method. Determination of the Hyperfine Structure Constant and of Nuclear and Electronic g Factors 190 VI. Practical Applications of the Method of Optical Orientation of Atoms 194 VII. Orientation Produced by Exchange Collisions 198 VIII. The Study of Relaxation Processes by the Optical Method 200 IX. Optical Pumping in Solids 201 Conclusion 203 Literature 203
The spin-exchange rates due to binary collisions and due to the formation of van der Waals molecules between 83Kr^{83}\mathrm{Kr}83Kr nuclei and optically pumped rubidium-metal vapor have been determined using a technique that relies on the simultaneous observation of frequency shifts of nuclear magnetic resonance lines of noble-gas atoms and corresponding frequency shifts of electron paramagnetic resonance lines of alkali-metal atoms. In contrast, earlier studies have relied on the observation of the spin-relaxation rate of either the alkali-metal atoms or the noble-gas atoms.
A charge-exchange optical pumping experiment to study collisions between Cs atoms and Cs + ions in a He buffer gas is reported. Cs + ions are polarized by charge-exchange collisions with optically pumped Cs atoms. From measurements of the line-widths of the Cs + ion resonance and electron spin resonance, the charge- exchange cross section sigma ce (Cs + -Cs) and electron spin-exchange cross section sigma se (e-Cs)are found to be sigma ce (Cs*-Cs)=(4.5+or-0.5)*10 -14 cm 2 and sigma se (e-Cs)=(2.6+or-0.4)*10 -14 cm 2 respectively.