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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Quantum phase transitions and quantum communication in a spin star system

Deng Hong-Liang, Xi-Ming Fang

Published Jan 8, 2008• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider a generalized spin star system which can be solved exactly, with the central spin- system embedded in a bath of N spin- particles. In this system, in addition to the central–outer couplings, each pair of nearest neighbours of the bath spins interacts within themselves. The general expressions of the eigenstates as well as the eigenvalues of the model are derived with the use of symmetries of the system. We then investigate the quantum phase transitions in some limiting cases and show that the occurrence of the quantum phase transitions can be obtained by varying the external control parameters. We further analyse the properties of quantum communication in this model. In the time evolution, some simple and interesting results are discovered concerning transfer fidelity, cloning fidelity, as well as entanglements created.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/41/2/025503

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The reduced dynamics of a central spin coupled to a bath of NNN spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ particles arranged in a spin star configuration is investigated. The exact time evolution of the reduced density operator is derived, and an analytical solution is obtained in the limit $N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ of an infinite number of bath spins, where the model shows complete relaxation and partial decoherence. It is demonstrated that the dynamics of the central spin cannot be treated within the Born-Markov approximation. The Nakajima-Zwanzig and the time-convolutionless projection operator technique are applied to the spin star system. The performance of the corresponding perturbation expansions of the non-Markovian equations of motion is examined through a comparison with the exact solution.
We investigate the quantum phase transition (QPT) in the XXZ central spin model, which can be described as a spin-12\frac{1}{2}21​ particle coupled to NNN bath spins. In general, the QPT is supposed to occur only in the thermodynamical limit. In contrast, we present that the central spin model exhibits a normal-to-superradiant phase transition in the limit where the ratio of the transition frequency of the central spin to that of the bath spins and the number of bath spins tend to infinity. We give the low-energy effective Hamiltonian analytically in the normal phase and the superradiant phase, and we find that the longitudinal interaction $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}$ can significantly influence the excitation number and the coherence of the ground state. These two quantities are remarkably enhanced for the negative longitudinal interaction while suppressed for the positive longitudinal interaction. In addition, the finite-size effect on the central spin model is also illustrated through the mean-field analysis. We further exploit the quantum Fisher information to characterize the QPT and propose a measurement scheme that can be applied in practice. This work builds a connection between the qubit-spin systems and the qubit-field systems, which provides a possibility for the realization of criticality-enhanced quantum sensing in central spin systems.
We derive the exact reduced dynamics of a central two-qubit system in a spin star configuration. The exact evolution of the reduced system density matrix is obtained and we compute the limit of an infinite number of environment spins. Initially pure states of the central system evolve into mixed ones and we determine the decoherence-free states of the model. The long-time behavior is studied, partial decoherence is shown to be a result of the coupling of the qubits to the environment, and entanglement evolution of the central system is investigated.