We analyze interaction-free measurements in cavity resonators. We study both classical objects and quantum objects: two-level atoms strongly coupled to a cavity mode. We also discuss complementarity in interaction-free measurement.
We present the exact solution of the dynamics of N two-level atoms strongly driven by an external coherent field and equally coupled on resonance to a cavity mode, in the presence of both cavity dissipation and atomic decay. Analytical results are presented for system and subsystem dynamics, showing how environment-induced decoherence leads the system from pure to mixed states. In the limit of negligible atomic decay, where the system is known to exhibit decoherence-free subspaces, we present a detailed discussion of the decoherence function that can be monitored by atomic population measurements.
Measurements performed on a system will alter the dynamics of that system, and in the strong-measurement limit, can theoretically freeze the free evolution completely. This is the quantum Zeno effect. We utilize quantum-nondemolition photon-counting techniques to realize the Zeno effect on the evolution of either a two-level Jaynes-Cummings atom interacting with a resonant cavity mode, or on two electromagnetic modes configured as a multilevel parametric frequency converter. These systems interact with another electromagnetic cavity mode via a quadratic coupling system based on four-wave mixing and constructed so as to be a nondemolition measurement of the photon number. This mode is then coupled to the environment through the cavity mirrors. This measurement is shown to be a measurement of system populations, which generates the desired Zeno effect and in the strong-measurement limit will freeze the free dynamics of the system.