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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Tunnel generation and locking stimulated Raman radiation components

V. N. Lugovoǐ

Published Aug 1, 1984• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Stimulated Raman radiation is considered in a ring optical resonator. It is supposed that the resonator is partly filled with a condensed medium at the full length of the medium close to several tunnel lengths. A Raman-active medium and an optical waveguide are assumed to occupy a part of the condensed medium. The feasibility is shown of tunnel generation and synchronization of a great number of Stokes components of stimulated Raman radiation. Here, femtosecond light pulses are shown to be formed in a spacing adjacent to the Raman-active medium, the pulses being single over the periodT = 2\pi/\omega_{R}(ωRis the Raman frequency shift). Predicted and considered also are tunnel generation and locking of new light modes in an optical parametric oscillator. The effects are due to a correction for the dispersion of the full effective refractive index of the medium inside the resonator. Numerical calculations of the correction for a glass thin-film optical waveguide, quartz, and the Raman-active media CaCO3, C6H6, CS2inside the resonator are represented. Here, five or six Stokes components are shown to be generated and locked for CaCO3and C6H6, eight Stokes components for CS2. A similar numerical calculation is represented for the active medium LiNbO3in the corresponding optical parameteric oscillator. Here, new modes covering a frequency bandwidth of 5000 cm-1are shown to be feasible. Noted and discussed is also a higher-order correction for the effective refractive index dispersion making it feasible to broaden the frequency bandwidth for tunnel generation and locking.

DOI
10.1109/jqe.1984.1072491

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Stimulated Raman radiation is considered in a ring optical resonator. It is supposed that the resonator is partly filled with a condensed medium at the full length of the medium close to several tunnel lengths. A Raman-active medium and an optical waveguide are assumed to occupy a part of the condensed medium. The feasibility is shown of tunnel generation and synchronization of a great number of Stokes components of stimulated Raman radiation. Here, femtosecond light pulses are shown to be formed in a spacing adjacent to the Raman-active medium, the pulses being single over the periodT = 2\pi/\omega_{R}(ωRis the Raman frequency shift). Predicted and considered also are tunnel generation and locking of new light modes in an optical parametric oscillator. The effects are due to a correction for the dispersion of the full effective refractive index of the medium inside the resonator. Numerical calculations of the correction for a glass thin-film optical waveguide, quartz, and the Raman-active media CaCO3, C6H6, CS2inside the resonator are represented. Here, five or six Stokes components are shown to be generated and locked for CaCO3and C6H6, eight Stokes components for CS2. A similar numerical calculation is represented for the active medium LiNbO3in the corresponding optical parameteric oscillator. Here, new modes covering a frequency bandwidth of 5000 cm-1are shown to be feasible. Noted and discussed is also a higher-order correction for the effective refractive index dispersion making it feasible to broaden the frequency bandwidth for tunnel generation and locking.
Stimulated Raman radiation is considered in an optical resonator excited by an external light beam. It is assumed that the resonator is filled with a dispersive (condensed) medium for a length of the medium (along the resonator axis) close to several ‘tunnel’ lengths. A Raman-active medium is assumed to fill part of the resonator length along the resonator axis. Numerical calculations are presented of tunnel locking stimulated Raman radiation components. The shape of light pulses is calculated, and the band of locking Stokes components is derived. The feasibility of generating a light pulse of duration 3 × 10-14 −4 × 10-15 s in a frequency region close to the point ∂2 n eff / ∂ω2 = 0, located usually in the infrared spectral region (n eff is the effective refractive index of the substance inside the resonator) is discussed. Also discussed is the feasibility of correcting the refractive index dispersion and generating femtosecond light pulses in the visible spectral region.
An analysis is made of parametric excitation of anti-Stokes components of stimulated Raman scattering in an optical resonator filled with a medium whose refractive index is dispersion-free. The case of steady generation of the first Stokes component is considered. Expressions are obtained for the amplitudes of steady-state fluctuations of the anti-Stokes components in the case of a weak reaction of these components on the pump radiation and on the first Stokes component. Various cases of frequency dependences of the intrinsic resonator losses are considered. Conditions are found under which a large number of anti-Stokes components with similar intensities is excited so that the anti-Stokes radiation leaving the resonator is a periodic sequence of ultrashort (femtosecond) pulses with one pulse per period.
The regular structure in frequency broadening spectrum of the self-trapped laser and Raman radiations is produced by the phase-modulation of light waves propagating in the filament with intensity-dependent index of refraction. A quantum-mechanical calculation of double quantum transition in a three-level system is shown to explain the process of self-modulation and the production of picosecond pulses in the Raman process. Coherent coupling of the laser and the Stokes waves produces mutual modulation of large amplitude, if the optical field is strong and the vibrational relaxation time is long. Numerical evaluation for CS2 gives a modulation frequency of about 1011 Hz, when an optical power of 10 kW is trapped in a filament of 2 µm radius. Besides, the effect of self-modulation on the spatial distribution of anti-Stokes emission along the filament is discussed and shown to agree with the experimental results observed by Stoicheff and his co-workers.
It is shown that broadband optical continua may be generated as light propagates through a coherently prepared medium. Stimulated Raman scattering is a parametric process responsible for the spectral broadening. Even though the generation of spectral components is limited by the dispersion of the medium, numerical estimates for realistic parameters show feasibility of generating coherent optical continua with total bandwidth of several hundred terahertz without implementation of any dispersion compensating technique. Finally, a technique for producing broadband coherent optical spectra and, thus, ultrashort pulses of radiation is proposed.
The properties are considered of an optical resonator excited by an external light beam and filled with a non-linear (Raman or Mandel'stam-Brillouin active) medium for single-mode (exciting and the first Stokes) radiation components in the resonator. The form of the hysteresis of light intensity inside the resonator and of the intensity of the beam transmitted through the resonator for both the radiation components on the variation of the external beam intensity are investigated. Also, periodic pulsations of the radiation component intensities are discussed and the phase modulation of the components at the regimes in question is predicted, the conditions for these pulsations being derived. Conditions are also found under which the resonator amplifies the amplitude (phase) modulation of the external light beam and the properties of the regimes of the amplification are also discussed. The use of the resonator in question as the element of optical memory, a switching device, the generator of optical pulses and optical ‘transistor’ is proposed.
A simple description of the stimulated Raman emission of Stokes radiation, and of the induced absorption found by Stoicheff at the anti-Stokes frequency, is based on the semiclassical theory of radiation. This theory gives the well-known formulas for absorption and stimulated emission when carried to the first order in the time-dependent perturbation due to the interaction of the light beam with the molecules. If there are two light beams of frequencies ωL and ω, the second-order perturbation may be associated with stimulated emission at the Stokes frequency ω=ω−1=ωL—ωR and with induced absorption at the anti-Stokes frequency ω=ω1=ωL+ωR, where ωL is the laser frequency and ωR a Raman-active vibrational frequency; in both cases, there is a molecular transition to the excited vibrational state. The highly directional and very sharp anti-Stokes emission at ω1 arises from the conversion by molecules in intense beams at ωL and ω−1 of two ωL photons into an ω−1, ω1 pair. Like spontaneous emission from excited states, the production of this anti-Stokes radiation requires the full quantum theory of radiation for an adequate description. The emission of ω1 and the observed directional absorption of ω−1 due to the reverse conversion ω−1+ω1→2ωL are explained. The anti-Stokes emission is proportional to the Stokes intensity and to the square of that of the laser, and to the square of the molecular number density; its sharpness is due to the absence of a molecular transition. The generation of photon pairs ω−n+ωn, where ωn=ωL+nωR, can occur for all values of n, but it is most efficient for n=1, due to resonance in the appropriate molecular hyperpolarizability and to the intensity of the Stokes beam at ω−1.