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Journal of the Optical Society of America A

Photorefractive beam-fanning effect and self-pulsations in coated LiNbO_3 slabs

G. Zartov, T. Tenev, Krassimir P. Panajotov, E. Popov, Rumiana A. Peyeva, Hugo Thienpont A, Irina P. Veretennicoff

Published Jul 1, 2001• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the dynamical behavior of optical Fabry-Perot resonators consisting of LiNbO3 slabs (x and c cut) that are coated with different (absorbing or lossless) dielectric multilayers deposited on both sides of the slabs. Bistable switching is observed experimentally. The buildup of beam fanning with time leads to destructive interference for a portion of the incident beam, inducing a change in absorption and heating, hence to switching off. As a result, self-pulsations appear whose frequency depends strongly on the input light intensity, the spot size, and the focusing. Switching and self-pulsations are not observed in the case of lossless coatings or for bare LiNbO3 slabs, although strong photorefractive beam fanning is still present. We also study the influence of the incident-beam characteristics (width and focusing) on the beam-fanning process and the pulsating behavior.

DOI
10.1364/josaa.18.001741

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We investigate the dynamical behavior of optical Fabry-Perot resonators consisting of LiNbO3 slabs (x and c cut) that are coated with different (absorbing or lossless) dielectric multilayers deposited on both sides of the slabs. Bistable switching is observed experimentally. The buildup of beam fanning with time leads to destructive interference for a portion of the incident beam, inducing a change in absorption and heating, hence to switching off. As a result, self-pulsations appear whose frequency depends strongly on the input light intensity, the spot size, and the focusing. Switching and self-pulsations are not observed in the case of lossless coatings or for bare LiNbO3 slabs, although strong photorefractive beam fanning is still present. We also study the influence of the incident-beam characteristics (width and focusing) on the beam-fanning process and the pulsating behavior.
We investigate polarization and intensity all-optical bi- and tri-stability in interference structures that include both a birefringent LiNbO3 layer of different crystallographic orientations and an absorbing layer. The origin of this multistability is the thermo-optical nonlinearity present in the structures. Regenerative pulsations are demonstrated using the electro-optical and the photorefractive properties of the LiNbO3 crystal. The unstable dynamical behavior is explained heuristically as being due to competing nonlinearities.
The combination of polarization optics and nonlinear optics gives rise to interesting new physical phenomena1. In the work presented here we will focus on planar resonators with a nonlinearity of diffusive nature, such as the nonlinear Fabry-Perot resonator (NLFP). There are two ways to display the role of polarization in the bistable response of such a device. First, in a configuration where the light wave is obliquely incident on the resonator, as the interface's reflectances depend on the polarization state of the incident light. Second, in a configuration where the beam impinges normally on a resonator now filled with an anisotropic material, as a phase shift is induced between the linear Airy resonances of the two polarization eigenmodes. In this paper, two dynamic theories for planar resonators are presented for both configurations mentioned above, for an arbitrary polarization of the incident plane wave.
Time delays for an intense transverse electric wave propagating through a slab with saturable nonlinearity are investigated.The nonlinearity is assumed in a form of the Vinetskii-Kukhtarev model, which is relevant for the slabs made of nonlinear photorefractive crystals, such as GaAs and LiNbO3, which feature a saturable nonlinearity.The expressions for the group delay and the dwell time are derived and the relation between them is studied.It is shown that the difference between them has three different contributions.The first one corresponds to the self-interference associated with the dispersion of the medium surrounding the slab.The other two appear due to the nonlinearity of the slab and oblique incidence of the transverse electric wave.All the results are compared with the case of dielectric slabs with cubic (Kerr) nonlinearity.
The dynamic properties of a Fabry–Perot interferometer filled with a material exhibiting second-order dispersive nonlinearity are studied both theoretically and experimentally. The response of the medium is described by an intensity dependent phase constant as derived from self-action effects. Considering two relaxation times, that of the material and that of the cavity, the basic relations for the stability analysis and for the numerical calculations are obtained. Bistability and self-pulsing effects are predicted. Moreover, the transient behavior is characterized by anomalous switching properties like overshoot and alternate switching. The corresponding experiments performed on a nonlinear transmission line resonator confirm the theoretical results. In a final discussion, the relations to the field of nonlinear optics are outlined.
A theoretical analysis on wave propagation and optical properties of slabs with light-induced free charge carriers within a Fabry-Pérot framework is presented. The key of the analysis is to attack the wave propagation problem in terms of the time-averaged Poynting vector modulus within the medium through an alternative approach. This fact allows coupling the microscopic (free charge rate) and macroscopic (electromagnetic field evolution) equations self-consistently by means of the nonlinear permittivity and conductivity, which, in turn, depend on the time-averaged Poynting vector modulus. Thereby, the transmittance, reflectance, and absorptive power are derived as functions of the pump intensity and medium thickness. Bistable behavior is found at relatively high excitation intensity for positive values of the nonlinear permittivity coefficient. The bistability enhances for increasing values of such coefficient and weakens for increasing values of nonlinear photoconductivity coefficient. On the contrary, for negative nonlinear permittivity coefficient, bistability does not appear possessing these media mirrorlike behavior. Some possible applications are suggested.