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Physical Review A

Coaxial-resonator-driven rf (Paul) trap for strong confinement

Steven R. Jefferts, Christopher R. Monroe, E. W. Bell, David J. Wineland

Published Apr 1, 1995• 95 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe a variant of the quadrupole rf (Paul) ion trap capable of localization of a trapped ion to much less than an optical wavelength (Lamb-Dicke regime). The trapping potentials are generated by a high-Q, vacuum-compatible, quarter-wave resonator driven at about 240 MHz. The binding strength of the trap has been characterized. The trap contains compensation electrodes which allow the cancellation of stray static electric fields within the trap. Secular frequencies of tens of megahertz have been achieved for trapped magnesium and beryllium ions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.51.3112

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 1, 1998•1 citation
We describe a variant of the quadrupole rf (Paul) ion trap capable of localization of a trapped ion to much less than an optical wavelength (Lamb-Dicke regime). The trapping potentials are generated by a high-Q, vacuum-compatible, quarter-wave resonator driven at about 240 MHz. The binding strength of the trap has been characterized. The trap contains compensation electrodes which allow the cancellation of stray static electric fields within the trap. Secular frequencies of tens of megahertz have been achieved for trapped magnesium and beryllium ions.
We describe a variant of the quadrupole rf (Paul) ion trap capable of localization of a trapped ion within much less than an optical wavelength (Lamb-Dicke regime). Attainment of the Lamb-Dicke regime reduces the sensitivity of the central absorption feature to atomic motion, thereby reducing an important source of noise in an optical frequency standard. The trapping potentials are generated by a high-Q, vacuum-compatible, quarter-wave resonator driven at about 240 MHz. Secular frequencies of tens of megahertz have been achieved for trapped magnesium and beryllium ions.>
We demonstrate trapping of electrons in a millimeter-sized quadrupole Paul trap driven at 1.6 GHz in a room-temperature ultra-high vacuum setup. Cold electrons are introduced into the trap by ionization of atomic calcium via Rydberg states and stay confined by microwave and static electric fields for several tens of milliseconds. A fraction of these electrons remains trapped longer and shows no measurable loss for measurement times up to a second. Electronic excitation of the motion reveals secular frequencies from several tens to hundreds of MHz. Operating a similar electron Paul trap in a cryogenic environment may provide a platform for all-electric quantum computing with trapped electron spin qubits.
We demonstrate trapping of electrons in a millimeter-sized quadrupole Paul trap driven at 1.6 GHz in a room-temperature ultrahigh vacuum setup.Cold electrons are introduced into the trap by ionization of atomic calcium via Rydberg states and stay confined by microwave and static electric fields for several tens of milliseconds.A fraction of these electrons remain trapped longer and show no measurable loss for measurement times up to a second.Electronic excitation of the motion reveals secular frequencies that can be tuned over a range of several tens to hundreds of MHz.Operating a similar electron Paul trap in a cryogenic environment may provide a platform for all-electric quantum computing with trapped electron spin qubits.
We demonstrate trapping of electrons in a millimeter-sized quadrupole Paul trap driven at 1.6 GHz in a room-temperature ultrahigh vacuum setup. Cold electrons are introduced into the trap by ionization of atomic calcium via Rydberg states and stay confined by microwave and static electric fields for several tens of milliseconds. A fraction of these electrons remain trapped longer and show no measurable loss for measurement times up to a second. Electronic excitation of the motion reveals secular frequencies that can be tuned over a range of several tens to hundreds of MHz. Operating a similar electron Paul trap in a cryogenic environment may provide a platform for all-electric quantum computing with trapped electron spin qubits.3 MoreReceived 13 May 2020Revised 11 December 2020Accepted 17 December 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.011019Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasElectron beams & opticsElectronic excitation & ionizationQuantum information architectures & platformsQuantum information with trapped ionsPhysical SystemsTrapped ionsTechniquesAtom & ion trapping & guidingQuantum InformationAtomic, Molecular & Optical
Paul traps are widely used to confine electrically charged particles like atomic and molecular ions by using an intense radiofrequency (RF) field, typically obtained by a voltage drop on capacitative electrodes placed in vacuum. We present a RF drive realized on a compact printed circuit board and providing a high-voltage RF signal to a quadrupole Paul trap. The circuit is formed by using four interdependent resonant circuits - each of which is connected to an electrode of a Paul trap - fed by low-noise amplifiers, leading to an output voltage of peak-to-peak amplitude up to 200 V at 3.23 MHz. The presence of a single resonant circuit for each electrode ensures a strong control on the voltage drop on each electrode, e.g., by applying a DC field through a bias tee. Additionally, the moderate quality factor Q = 67 of the resonant circuits ensures a fast operation of the drive, which can be turned on and off in less than 10 μs. Finally, the RF lines are equipped with pickups that sample the RF in phase and amplitude, thus providing a signal that can be used to actively control the voltage drop at the trap's electrodes.
A miniature, elliptical ring rf (Paul) ion trap has been used in recent esperiments toward realizing a quantum computer in a trapped ion system. With the combination of small spatial dimensions and high rf drive potentials, around 500 V amplitude, we have achieved secular oscillation frequencies in the range of 5-20 MHz. The equilibrium positions of pairs of ions that arc crystallized in this trap lie along the long &\\is of the ellipse. By adding a static potential to the trap, the micromotion of two crystallized ions may be reduced relative to the case of pure rf confinement. The presence of micromotion reduces the strength of internal transitions in the ion, an effect that is characterized by a Debye-Waller factor, in analogy with the reduction of Bragg scattering at finite temperature in a cvstal lattice. We have demonstrated the dependence of the rates of internal transitions on the amplitude of micromotion, and we propose a scheme to use this effect to differentially address the ions.