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Journal of Applied Physics

Series array of highly hysteretic Josephson junctions coupled to a microstrip resonator

G. Costabile, Domenico Andreone, V. Lacquaniti

Published Jul 15, 1985• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have tested a new device based on a 12 junction array coupled to a resonator. We have explored the feasibility of the phase lock for all the junctions at the same biasing current, which yields voltage quantization across each junction, eliminating the need to individually bias the junctions. The whole rf structure has been realized by stripline technology. The resonator is fed by a 50-Ω line and is decoupled from the dc circuit by elliptical low-pass filters inserted in the bias leads.

DOI
10.1063/1.336221

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•Jan 1, 2000•2 citations
We have tested a new device based on a 12 junction array coupled to a resonator. We have explored the feasibility of the phase lock for all the junctions at the same biasing current, which yields voltage quantization across each junction, eliminating the need to individually bias the junctions. The whole rf structure has been realized by stripline technology. The resonator is fed by a 50-Ω line and is decoupled from the dc circuit by elliptical low-pass filters inserted in the bias leads.
A digital-to-analogue converter based on series arrays of high-temperature superconducting Josephson junctions can work properly when the microwave bias current distribution in large arrays is uniform. Unfortunately, the considerable microwave attenuation per overdamped junction with normal resistances RN0.1 results in a strong total attenuation of the microwave signal in a traditional layout. Also, the meander geometry of the array, necessary when using bicrystal junctions, disturbs the uniformity of the rf current, especially in the millimetre waveband. To overcome these drawbacks we coupled the meander array inductively to a parallel transmission line. The mechanism of microwave coupling in which both external and mutual frequency locking takes place was studied numerically. A circuit with a coplanar waveguide feed line was fabricated and successfully tested at an operating frequency of 30 GHz. A microstrip line with a small attenuation for pumping of junction arrays at frequencies up to 120 GHz was demonstrated.
A new type of microwave circuit for the generation of frequency-scaled voltages is investigated. The circuit is designed as a superconducting microstrip line resonator and series arrays of Josephson tunnel junctions located within the rf current antinodes. The circuits are designed to obtain highly accurate voltages at low rf power level and low frequencies of about 10 GHz. For a resonator circuit with 432 junctions driven at about 10 GHz we have observed steps up to 0.25 V, the lifetime of which is about 20 minutes.>
We have designed and fabricated a new type of Josephson device to be hybrid integrated with microstripline oscillators. For optimum matching of the Josephson series array to the oscillator the samples make use of a new stripline design. The first circuits were fabricated in a simplified Nb/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3//Nb technology and exhibit excellent dc characteristics and good microwave coupling to the junctions of the array. At 70 GHz constant voltage steps up to 350 mV could be observed. By hybrid integrating different samples with a new 10-GHz oscillator, constant voltage steps were created. For this experiment the Josephson current density had to be low enough to reduce the plasma frequency of the junctions to well below the driving frequency.>
We have investigated a new type of microwave circuit for the generation of frequency-scaled Josephson voltages useful for the representation of highly accurate reference voltages. The circuit consists of a superconducting microstrip resonator and series arrays of Josephson junctions integrated within its rf current antinodes. The circuit is designed to operate at low frequencies of about 10 GHz to simplify the microwave techniques. At a resonator circuit with four Josephson junctions driven at 10.9 GHz we have obtained stable overlapping Shapiro steps up to 4.6 mV at a step width of about 70 µA. A more advanced double-resonator circuit with altogether 216 junctions allows to generate scaled reference voltages up to 0.16 V at steps of about 25 µA in width and at a microwave frequency of 11.1 GHz.
The RF power at approximately 300 GHz coupled to a 52- Omega load by a one-dimensional DC series biased Josephson junction array has been measured using an on-chip Josephson detector. The array was fabricated using the planarized all-refractory technology for low-T/sub c/ superconductivity (PARTS). From the measured RF power and DC voltage levels, it is concluded that the 100 junctions in this array were locked in-phase. The effects of the finite inductance, associated with the junction's shunt resistor, on the array output power and detector's current-voltage characteristics are also discussed.>
High-Tc Josephson junction arrays with coupling by superconducting short- circuited (5 µm wide and 0.1 µm thick) coupled microstrip lines, provided dc bias in parallel, were fabricated on bicrystal sapphire substrates for experimental investigation of the phase- locking phenomenon. Josephson self radiation, emitted by the array was measured by an external 90 GHz receiver for different applied dc magnetic fields. The numerical simulation of array shows that strong interaction between Josephson junctions and the standing waves within structure require small enough damping α≤ 10 -3 per coupling section for reduction of Josephson oscillation linewidth.