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International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing

Constructions of Quantum Boolean Functions

Jie Zhang, Qiaoyan Wen

Published Sep 1, 2010• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A construction of all kinds of quantum Boolean functions with one qubit is proposed. Base on these quantum Boolean functions, all kinds of local quantum Boolean functions (the natural generalization of linear classical Boolean functions) are given. Furthermore some infinite families of quantum Boolean functions with any qubits are obtained together.

DOI
10.1109/wicom.2010.5600264

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A construction of all kinds of quantum Boolean functions with one qubit is proposed. Base on these quantum Boolean functions, all kinds of local quantum Boolean functions (the natural generalization of linear classical Boolean functions) are given. Furthermore some infinite families of quantum Boolean functions with any qubits are obtained together.
The existing construction methods of Quantum Boolean functions (QBFs) are extended and simplified. All QBFs with one qubit and all local QBFs with any qubits are constructed. And we propose the concept of Generalized quantum Boolean functions (GQBFs). We find all GQBFs with one qutrit and all kinds of local GQBFs with any qutrits. The number of each of the four kinds of functions above is uncountably infinitely many. By using diagonal matrices, we obtain uncountably infinitely many non-local QBFs with any qubits and GQBFs with any qutrits. Infinitely many families of GQBFs with any qudits are obtained from the properties of projection matrices of known saturated orthogonal arrays.
Mapping functions on bits to Hamiltonians acting on qubits has many applications in quantum computing. In particular, Hamiltonians representing Boolean functions are required for applications of quantum annealing or the quantum approximate optimization algorithm to combinatorial optimization problems. We show how such functions are naturally represented by Hamiltonians given as sums of Pauli Z operators (Ising spin operators) with the terms of the sum corresponding to the function’s Fourier expansion. For many classes of Boolean functions which are given by a compact description, such as a Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form that gives an instance of the satisfiability problem, it is #P-hard to compute its Hamiltonian representation, i.e., as hard as computing its number of satisfying assignments. On the other hand, no such difficulty exists generally for constructing Hamiltonians representing a real function such as a sum of local Boolean clauses each acting on a fixed number of bits as is common in constraint satisfaction problems. We show composition rules for explicitly constructing Hamiltonians representing a wide variety of Boolean and real functions by combining Hamiltonians representing simpler clauses as building blocks, which are particularly suitable for direct implementation as classical software. We further apply our results to the construction of controlled-unitary operators, and to the special case of operators that compute function values in an ancilla qubit register. Finally, we outline several additional applications and extensions of our results to quantum algorithms for optimization. A goal of this work is to provide a design toolkit for quantum optimization which may be utilized by experts and practitioners alike in the construction and analysis of new quantum algorithms, and at the same time to provide a unified framework for the various constructions appearing in the literature.
Quantum algorithms can be analyzed in a query model to compute Boolean functions where input is given in a black box and the aim is to compute function value for arbitrary input using as few queries as possible. We concentrate on quantum query algorithm designing tasks in this paper. The main aim of the research was to find new efficient algorithms and develop general algorithm designing techniques. First, we present several exact quantum query algorithms for certain problems that are better than classical counterparts. Next, we introduce algorithm transformation methods that allow significant enlarging of exactly computable functions sets. Finally, we propose quantum algorithm designing methods. Given algorithms for the set of sub-functions, our methods use them to design a more complex one, based on algorithms described before. Methods are applicable for input algorithms with specific properties and preserve acceptable error probability and number of queries. Methods offer constructions for computing AND, OR and MAJORITY kinds of Boolean functions.
Quantum algorithms can be analyzed in a query model to compute Boolean functions where input is given in a black box and the aim is to compute function value for arbitrary input using as few queries as possible. We concentrate on quantum query algorithm designing tasks in this paper. The main aim of the research was to find new efficient algorithms and develop general algorithm designing techniques. First, we present several exact quantum query algorithms for certain problems that are better than classical counterparts. Next, we introduce algorithm transformation methods that allow significant enlarging of exactly computable functions sets. Finally, we propose quantum algorithm designing methods. Given algorithms for the set of sub-functions, our methods use them to design a more complex one, based on algorithms described before. Methods are applicable for input algorithms with specific properties and preserve acceptable error probability and number of queries. Methods offer constructions for computing AND, OR and MAJORITY kinds of Boolean functions.
This paper describes a fundamental correspondence between Boolean functions and projection operators in Hilbert space. The correspondence is widely applicable, and it is used in this paper to provide a common mathematical framework for the design of both additive and nonadditive quantum error correcting codes. The new framework leads to the construction of a variety of codes including an infinite class of codes that extend the original ((5, 6, 2)) code found by Rains It also extends to operator quantum error correcting codes.