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Chinese Physics Letters

Linear Optical Implementation for Quantum Teleportation of Unknown Two-Qubit Entangled States

Zhou Lan, Kuang Le-Man

Published Oct 27, 2004• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a linear optical implementation for quantum teleportation of an unknown two-qubit entangled state by using linear optical elements, such as beam splitters, phase shifters, and half wave plates. This method is based on the single photon representation of quantum bits. Four location qubits and one polarization qubit are used to realize quantum logical operations in the teleportation procedure of the unknown two-qubit entangled state.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/21/11/008

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We present a linear optical implementation for quantum teleportation of an unknown two-qubit entangled state by using linear optical elements, such as beam splitters, phase shifters, and half wave plates. This method is based on the single photon representation of quantum bits. Four location qubits and one polarization qubit are used to realize quantum logical operations in the teleportation procedure of the unknown two-qubit entangled state.
We suggest implementation of quantum teleportation protocol of unknown qubit beyond Bell states formalism. Hybrid entangled state composed of coherent components that belong to Alice and dual-rail single photon at Bob disposal is used. Nonlinear effect on the teleported state is realized due to peculiarity of interaction of coherent components with discrete variable state on a beam splitter. Bob performs unitary transformation after receiving the appropriate classical information. The protocol is nearly deterministic but the output state is subject to amplitude distortion which reduces the fidelity of the protocol. Final problem is reduced to finding a way to get rid of amplitude-distorting factor to restore the original qubit. Some strategies to increase the fidelity of the protocol are used. We show the teleportation can be implemented with arbitrary settings. Our approach is applicable to different basic number states of original unknown qubit. The scheme is realized by linear optics methods and requires an irreducible number of optical elements.
In recent years, there has been heightened interest in quantum teleportation, which allows for the transfer of unknown quantum states over arbitrary distances. Quantum teleportation not only serves as an essential ingredient in long-distance quantum communication, but also provides enabling technologies for practical quantum computation. Of particular interest is the scheme proposed by D. Gottesman and I. L. Chuang [(1999) Nature 402:390-393], showing that quantum gates can be implemented by teleporting qubits with the help of some special entangled states. Therefore, the construction of a quantum computer can be simply based on some multiparticle entangled states, Bell-state measurements, and single-qubit operations. The feasibility of this scheme relaxes experimental constraints on realizing universal quantum computation. Using two different methods, we demonstrate the smallest nontrivial module in such a scheme--a teleportation-based quantum entangling gate for two different photonic qubits. One uses a high-fidelity six-photon interferometer to realize controlled-NOT gates, and the other uses four-photon hyperentanglement to realize controlled-Phase gates. The results clearly demonstrate the working principles and the entangling capability of the gates. Our experiment represents an important step toward the realization of practical quantum computers and could lead to many further applications in linear optics quantum information processing.