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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Comparison of dressed probe transmission, four-wave mixing, and fluorescence in multilevel systems

Jia Sun, Zhenkun Wu, Yiqi Zhang, Taikun Liu, Cheng Li, Chengjun Lei, Shu-Li Huo, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Jun 14, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report our observations on probe transmission, four-wave mixing (FWM), and fluorescence signals with dressing effect in two V-type three-level as well as in two two-level atomic systems. According to the phenomena observed in such systems, we find that the dressing effect at the same energy level can be affected by hyperfine structure and at different energy levels by transition dipole moment. We also find that both the x- and y-directional spatial splittings of probe beam and FWM signals are affected greatly by the dressing effect, which can also control the spatial shift and focusing of FWM signal. Studies on such controllable beam splitting can be very useful in understanding spatial pattern formation and applications of spatial signal processing.

DOI
10.1364/josab.30.001885

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We report our observations on probe transmission, four-wave mixing (FWM), and fluorescence signals with dressing effect in two V-type three-level as well as in two two-level atomic systems. According to the phenomena observed in such systems, we find that the dressing effect at the same energy level can be affected by hyperfine structure and at different energy levels by transition dipole moment. We also find that both the x- and y-directional spatial splittings of probe beam and FWM signals are affected greatly by the dressing effect, which can also control the spatial shift and focusing of FWM signal. Studies on such controllable beam splitting can be very useful in understanding spatial pattern formation and applications of spatial signal processing.
In two-level as well as V-type three-level atomic systems, we study probe transmission, four-wave mixing (FWM) and fluorescence signals with dressing effect experimentally and theoretically. We find both the hyperfine structure (at the same energy level) and the transition dipole moment (at different energy levels) can affect the dressing effect. We also experimentally investigate that angle-control dynamics in the nonlinear propagation of the images of the probe and generated FWM in two-level atomic systems, and find that the focusing and defocusing of probe beam and FWM signals can be greatly affected by the angles between dressing fields.
We investigate the spatial images of the probe, generated four wave mixing (FWM) signal and the accompanying fluorescence spectrum signal simultaneously in FWM process in a cascade three-level atomic system for the first time. We experimentally observe and theoretically investigate the three spectrum signals versus the probe field as well as the dressing field frequency detunings. Utilizing the experimental results of spectrum signals, the cross phase modulation and the relative position between the weak and strong beams, we analyze the characteristics indicated in the spatial images of probe transmission and FWM, such as focusing or defocusing, shift and splitting in detail. Such studies can be used in all-optical controlled spatial signal transmission.
We experimentally report on the evolution from singly-dressed to doubly-dressed four-wave mixing (FWM) process by controlling the powers of the probe, the pump and the dressing fields respectively. The differences in the enhancement and the suppression of FWM signal between the two-level and cascade three-level atomic systems are observed and explained by the multi-dressed effect theoretically. Both the x direction and the y direction spatial splittings of the degenerate-FWM (DWFM) beams are obtained. We also investigate the switch between the enhancement and the suppression of the DWFM signals and between its spatial splittings in x direction and y direction. The spatial splittings in x direction and y direction can be controlled by the relative position and the intensity of the involved laser beams. Such a study can be useful for optimizing the efficiency of the FWM process and providing potential applications in spatial signal processing.
We experimentally investigate probe transmission signals (PTS), the four-wave mixing photonic band gap signal (FWM BGS), and the fluorescence signal (FLS) in an inverted Y-type four level atomic system. For the first time, we compare the FLS of the two ground-state hyperfine levels of Rb 85. In particular, the second-order and the fourth-order fluorescence signals perform dramatic dressing discrepancies under the two hyperfine levels. Moreover, we find that the dressing field has some dressing effects on three such types of signals. Therefore, we demonstrate that the characteristics of PTS, FWM BGS, and FLS can be controlled by frequency detunings, the powers or phases of the dressing field. Such research could have potential applications in optical diodes, amplifiers, and quantum information processing.
We report our observations on enhancement and suppression of spatial four-wave mixing (FWM) images and the interplay of four coexisting FWM processes in a two-level atomic system associating with three-level atomic system as comparison. The phenomenon of spatial splitting of the FWM signal has been observed in both x and y directions. Such FWM spatial splitting is induced by the enhanced cross-Kerr nonlinearity due to atomic coherence. The intensity of the spatial FWM signal can be controlled by an additional dressing field. Studies on such controllable beam splitting can be very useful in understanding spatial soliton formation and interactions, and in applications of spatial signal processing.
We demonstrate different dressed processes of four-wave mixing (FWM), as changing the powers of the probe, pump, and dressing fields, respectively, in ladder-type three-level system. It is demonstrated that scanning detuning of the dressing field can lead to the direct detection of the dressing effects and the interaction between the dressing fields, compared with scanning that of the probe field. Moreover, by respectively controlling the powers of the dressing, pump, and probe fields, the enhancement and suppression of FWM signals can be switched sensitively. Meanwhile, the spatial splitting in y direction of FWM signal due to the cross-phase modulation and electromagnetically induced gratings is observed, respectively. Such nonlinear signal with switchable enhancement has potential applications in optical switching, optical communication, and quantum information processing.