The two-dimensional Ising model on a distorted kagome lattice is studied by means of exact solutions and the tensor renormalization-group (TRG) method. The zero-field phase diagrams are obtained, where three phases such as ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, and paramagnetic phases, along with the second-order phase transitions, have been identified. The TRG results are quite accurate and reliable in comparison to the exact solutions. In a magnetic field, the magnetization
(m), susceptibility, and specific heat are studied by the TRG algorithm, where the
m=1/3 plateaux are observed in the magnetization curves for some couplings. The experimental data of susceptibility for the complex $\text{Co}{({\text{N}}_{3})}_{2}(\text{bpg})\ensuremath{\cdot}{\text{DMF}}_{4/3}$ are fitted with the TRG results, giving the couplings of the complex
J=22 K and ${J}^{\ensuremath{'}}=33\text{ }\text{K}$.
The spin-[Formula: see text] delta-chain (sawtooth chain) with antiferromagnetic Heisenberg basal chain and Ising apical-basal interactions is studied. The basal-apical interactions involve the bond alternation. The limiting cases of the model include the symmetrical delta-chain and the antiferromagnetic chain in the staggered magnetic field. We study ground state properties of the model by the exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group methods. The ground state phase diagram as a function of the bond alternation consists of magnetic and various non-magnetic phases. All phases excluding the ferrimagnetic phase are gapped and an origin of the gaps is cleared.
Significant decrease of spontaneous magnetization in frustrated one-dimensional ferro- and ferrimagnets due to nonmagnetic impurities is predicted. Using the density-matrix renormalization group method and the exact diagonalization method, we confirm that the total spin can vanish due to a single impurity in finite chains. Introducing the picture of magnetic domain inversion, we numerically investigate the impurity-density dependence of magnetization. In particular, we show that even with an infinitesimal density of impurities, the magnetization in the ground state is reduced by about 40% from that of the corresponding pure system. Conditions for the materials which may show this anomalous impurity effect are formulated.