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arXiv:cond-mat/0603193 · Physical Review B

Anomalous impurity effect on magnetization in frustrated one-dimensional ferro- and ferrimagnets

Masanori Kohno, Xiao Hu

Published Nov 5, 2007• 0 citations
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Abstract

Significant decrease of spontaneous magnetization in frustrated one-dimensional ferro- and ferrimagnets due to nonmagnetic impurities is predicted. Using the density-matrix renormalization group method and the exact diagonalization method, we confirm that the total spin can vanish due to a single impurity in finite chains. Introducing the picture of magnetic domain inversion, we numerically investigate the impurity-density dependence of magnetization. In particular, we show that even with an infinitesimal density of impurities, the magnetization in the ground state is reduced by about 40% from that of the corresponding pure system. Conditions for the materials which may show this anomalous impurity effect are formulated.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.76.174409

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We study impurity effects in the spin nematic phase of the $S=1/2\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{J}_{1}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{J}_{2}$ frustrated spin chain under an external magnetic field by using the infinite density matrix renormalization group and bosonization. It is found that local magnetization almost saturates around the impurity, and the entanglement entropy nearly vanishes at the corresponding bonds, not only when the magnetic interactions near the impurity are weakened but also when they are strengthened compared to those in the bulk. Then we examine spin correlations and Friedel oscillations induced by the impurity. The bosonization provides a qualitative understanding of the characteristic behaviors of the magnetization. We also discuss impacts of the impurity on experiments by focusing on NMR spectra.
We study a magnetic impurity embedded in a correlated electron system using the density-matrix renormalization group method. The correlated electron system is described by the one-dimensional Hubbard model. At half filling, we confirm that the binding energy of the singlet bound state increases exponentially in the weak-coupling regime and decreases inversely proportional to the correlation in the strong-coupling regime. The spin-spin correlation shows an exponential decay with distance from the impurity site. The correlation length becomes smaller with increasing the correlation strength. We find discontinuous reduction of the binding energy and of spin-spin correlations with hole doping. The binding energy is reduced by hole doping; however, it remains of the same order of magnitude as for the half-filled case.
The ground-state properties of the S=1/2 frustrated Heisenberg spin chain with interactions up to fourth nearest neighbors are investigated by the exact-diagonalization method and density matrix renormalization group method. Our numerical calculations clarify that the ferrimagnetic state is realized in the ground state in spite of the fact that a multi-sublattice structure in the shape of the system is absent. We find that there are two types of ferrimagnetic phases: one is the well-known ferrimagnetic phase of the Lieb-Mattis type and the other is the nontrivial ferrimagnetic phase that is different from that of the Lieb-Mattis type. Our results suggest that a multi-sublattice structure of the shape is not necessarily required for the occurrence of ferrimagnetism.
Using density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method, we studied the effect of magnetic frustrations due to next-nearest- neighbor bonds in a system of quasi-one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain but with ferrimagnetic properties. In this paper, the ground state energy per unit cell, spin correlation function and spin gap are calculated. As a result of the frustrations, the quantum disordered phase with the spin gap appears at the spin order-disorder phase transition point αC≈0.412 to α＝1. And in the region of magnetic-order phase, the increasing magnetic frustrations reduce the magnetic order.
We study ground-state properties of the Heisenberg frustrated spin chain with interactions up to fourth nearest neighbors by the exact-diagonalization method and the density matrix renormalization group method. We find that ferrimagnetism is realized not only in the case of S=1/2 but also S=1 despite that there is only a single spin site in each unit cell determined from the shape of the Hamiltonian. Our numerical results suggest that a "multi-sublattice structure" is not required for the occurrence of ferrimagnetism in quantum spin systems with isotropic interactions.
The ground state properties of the S = 1/2 frustrated Heisenberg chain with period 3 exchange modulation are investigated using the numerical diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. It is known that this model has a magnetization plateau at one third of the saturation magnetization M s . On the other hand, the ground state is ferrimagnetic even in the absence of frustration if one of the nearest neighbour bond is ferromagnetic and the others are antiferromagnetic. In the present work, we show that this ferrimagnetic state continues to the region in which all bonds are antiferromagnetic if the frustration is strong. This state further continues to the above-mentioned 1/3 plateau state. In between, we also find the noncollinear ferrimagnetic phase in which the spontaneous magnetization is finite but less than M s /3. The intuitive interpretation for the phase diagram is given and the physical properties of these phases are discussed.