Multidimensional high-order coherent spectroscopy reveals correlations among more than two excitons. Features in the fifth-order and seventh-order spectra allow us to measure the extent of exciton correlations in a semiconductor nanostructure.
We demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) electronic Fourier transform spectroscopy of GaAs quantum wells using four fully phase-coherent, noncollinear optical fields. Since the full complex signal field is measured as a function of all three time intervals, nearly every peak in the resulting 3D spectral solid arises from a distinguishable sequence of transitions represented by a single Feynman pathway. We use the 3D spectral peaks to separate two pathways involving weakly bound mixed biexcitons generated in different time orders. In the process, we reveal a peak that was previously obscured by a correlated but unbound exciton pair coherence. We also demonstrate a calibration procedure for the carrier frequency which yields biexciton binding energy values with high accuracy.
Multidimensional analysis of coherent signals is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance to study correlations among spins. These techniques were recently extended to the femtosecond regime and applied to chemical, biological and semiconductor systems. In this work, we apply a two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy technique which employs double-quantum-coherence to investigate many-body effects in a semiconductor quantum well. The signal is detected along the direction k(1)+ k(2)- k(3), where k(1), k(2) and k(3) are the pulse wave vectors in chronological order. We show that this signal is particularly sensitive to many-body correlations which are missed by time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation. The correlation energy of two-exciton can be probed with a very high resolution arising from a two-dimensional correlation spectrum, where two-exciton couplings spread the cross peaks along both axes of the 2D spectrum to create a characteristic highly resolved pattern. This level of detail is not available from conventional one-dimensional four-wave mixing or other two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy signals such as the photo echo (-k(1)+ k(2)+ k(3)).
In article number 1800171, Christopher L. Smallwood and Steven T. Cundiff introduce a multidimensional coherent spectroscopy (MDCS) probe of the dynamics of excitons in an asymmetric In0.05Ga0.95As/GaAs double quantum well. Spectral information here is plotted as a correlation between the frequency of a first-order optical excitation interaction (ωτ) and a third-order emission interaction (ωt) at various intermediate-state mixing times (T), providing a window into a semiconductor's inhomogeneity, many-body interactions, and coherent coupling dynamics at femtosecond timescales. Image credit: Brad Baxley, Part to Whole.