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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)

Stabilizer codes over Frobenius rings

Sushma Nadella, Andreas Klappenecker

Published Jul 1, 2012• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum error-correcting codes over finite fields have been widely studied, but quantum codes over rings have been left largely unexplored. This paper introduces stabilizer codes over finite Frobenius rings and establishes their connection to classical code. Structural properties of stabilizer codes over finite Frobenius rings are established. It is proved that free stabilizer codes over finite commutative chain rings cannot outperform stabilizer codes over finite fields.

DOI
10.1109/isit.2012.6283558

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Quantum error-correcting codes over finite fields have been widely studied, but quantum codes over rings have been left largely unexplored. This paper introduces stabilizer codes over finite Frobenius rings and establishes their connection to classical code. Structural properties of stabilizer codes over finite Frobenius rings are established. It is proved that free stabilizer codes over finite commutative chain rings cannot outperform stabilizer codes over finite fields.
It is believed that quantum computers would be able to solve complex problems more quickly than any other deterministic or probabilistic computer. Quantum computers basically exploit the rules of quantum mechanics for speeding up computations. However, building a quantum computer remains a daunting task. A quantum computer, as in any quantum mechanical system, is susceptible to decohorence of quantum bits resulting from interaction of the stored information with the environment. Error correction is then required to restore a quantum bit, which has changed due to interaction with external state, to a previous non-erroneous state in the coding subspace. Until now the methods for quantum error correction were mostly based on stabilizer codes over finite fields. The aim of this thesis is to construct quantum error correcting codes over finite Frobenius rings. We introduce stabilizer codes over quadratic algebra, which allows one to use the hamming distance rather than some less known notion of distance. We also develop propagation rules to build new codes from existing codes. Non binary codes have been realized as a gray image of linear Z4 code, hence the most natural class of ring that is suitable for coding theory is given by finite Frobenius rings as it allow to formulate the dual code similar to finite fields. At the end we show some examples of code construction along with various results of quantum codes over finite Frobenius rings, especially codes over Zm.
A major difficulty in quantum computation and communication is preventing and correcting errors in the quantum bits. Most of the research in this area has focused on stabilizer codes derived from self-orthogonal cyclic error-correcting codes over finite fields. Our goal is to develop a similar theory for self-orthogonal cyclic codes over the class of finite chain rings which have been proven to also produce stabilizer codes. We also will discuss these restrictions on families of cyclic codes, including, but not limited to quadratic residue codes and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem codes. Finally, we will extend the concepts of weight enumerators to the class of Frobenius rings and use them to derive bounds for our codes.
Quantum error correcting codes play an essential role in protecting quantum information from the noise and the decoherence. Most quantum codes have been constructed based on the Pauli basis indexed by a finite field. With a newly introduced algebraic class called a nice ring, it is possible to construct the quantum codes such that their alphabet sizes are not restricted to powers of a prime.\n\nSubsystem codes are quantum error correcting schemes unifying stabilizer codes, decoherence free subspaces and noiseless subsystems. We show a generalization of subsystem codes over nice rings. Furthermore, we prove that free subsystem codes over a finite chain ring cannot outperform those over a finite field. We also generalize entanglement-assisted quantum error correcting codes to nice rings. With the help of the entanglement, any classical code can be used to derive the corresponding quantum codes, even if such codes are not self-orthogonal. We prove that an R-module with antisymmetric bicharacter can be decomposed as an orthogonal direct sum of hyperbolic pairs using symplectic geometry over rings. So, we can find hyperbolic pairs and commuting generators generating the check matrix of the entanglement-assisted quantum code.\n\nFault-tolerant quantum computation has been also studied over a finite field. Transversal operations are the simplest way to implement fault-tolerant quantum gates. We derive transversal Clifford operations for CSS codes over nice rings, including Fourier transforms, SUM gates, and phase gates. Since transversal operations alone cannot provide a computationally universal set of gates, we add fault-tolerant implementations of doubly-controlled Z gates for triorthogonal stabilizer codes over nice rings.\n\nFinally, we investigate optimal key exchange protocols for unconditionally secure key distribution schemes. We prove how many rounds are needed for the key exchange between any pair of the group on star networks, linear-chain networks, and general networks.
Quantum states are very delicate, so it is likely some sort of quantum error correction will be necessary to build reliable quantum computers. The theory of quantum error-correcting codes has some close ties to and some striking differences from the theory of classical error-correcting codes. Many quantum codes can be described in terms of the stabilizer of the codewords. The stabilizer is a finite Abelian group, and allows a straightforward characterization of the error-correcting properties of the code. The stabilizer formalism for quantum codes also illustrates the relationships to classical coding theory, particularly classical codes over GF(4), the finite field with four elements.