Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Mathematical Physics

On the existence of stationary states for quantum dynamical semigroups

Franco Fagnola, Rolando Rebolledo

Published Mar 1, 2001• 72 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We provide two criteria on the existence of stationary states for quantum dynamical semigroups. The first one is based on the semigroup itself, while the second criterion is based on the generator which is in general unbounded and interpreted as a sesquilinear form. These results are illustrated by physical examples drawn from quantum optics.

DOI
10.1063/1.1340870

Related papers

On Singular Perturbations of Quantum Dynamical Semigroups

A. S. Holevo

We consider two examples of quantum dynamical semigroups obtained by singular perturbations of a standard generator which are special case of unbounded completely positive perturbations studied in detail in [11]. In Sec. 2, we propose a generalization of an example in [15] aimed to give a positive answer to a conjecture of Arveson. In Sec. 3 we consider in greater detail an improved and simplified construction of a nonstandard dynamical semigroup outlined in our short communication [12].

arXiv:1706.04866•Mathematical Notes•Jan 1, 2018•11 citations

Generalized Kraus operators and generators of quantum dynamical semigroups

Sabina Alazzawi, Bernhard Baumgartner

Quantum dynamical semigroups play an important role in the description of physical processes such as diffusion, radiative decay or other non-equilibrium events. Taking strongly continuous and trace preserving semigroups into consideration, we show that, under a special criterion, the generator of such a group admits a certain generalized standard form, thereby shedding new light on known approaches in this direction. Furthermore, we illustrate our analysis in concrete examples.

arXiv:1306.4531•Reviews in Mathematical Physics•Aug 1, 2015•2 citations

Unbounded Generators of Dynamical Semigroups

I. Siemon, Alexander Semenovich Holevo, Reinhard F. Werner

Dynamical semigroups have become the key structure for describing open system dynamics in all of physics. Bounded generators are known to be of a standard form, due to Gorini, Kossakowski, Sudarshan and Lindblad. This form is often used also in the unbounded case, but rather little is known about the general form of unbounded generators. In this paper we first give a precise description of the standard form in the unbounded case, emphasizing intuition, and collecting and even proving the basic results around it. We also give a cautionary example showing that the standard form must not be read too naively. Further examples are given of semigroups, which appear to be probability preserving to first order, but are not for finite times. Based on these, we construct examples of generators which are not of standard form.

arXiv:1707.02266•Open Systems & Information Dynamics•Dec 1, 2017•37 citations

Quasi-Stationary Normal States for Quantum Markov Semigroups

Ameur Dhahri, Franco Fagnola, Federico Girotti +1 more

We introduce a notion of quasi-stationary state (QSS) in the context of quantum Markov semigroups that generalizes the one of quasi-stationary distribution in the case of classical Markov chains. We provide an operational interpretation of QSSs using the theory of direct and indirect quantum measurements. Moreover, we prove that there is a connection between QSSs and spectral properties of the quantum Markov semigroup. Finally, we discuss some examples which, despite their simplicity, already show interesting features.

arXiv:2508.06396•Open Systems & Information Dynamics•Sep 1, 2025•0 citations

Analysis of quantum semigroups with GKS–Lindblad generators: I. Simple generators

Bernhard Baumgartner, Heide Narnhofer, Walter E Thirring

Semigroups describing the time evolution of open quantum systems in finite-dimensional spaces have generators of a special form, known as Lindblad generators. The simple generators, characterized by only one operator, are analyzed. The complete set of all the stationary states is presented in detail, including a formula to calculate a stationary state from the generating operator. Also the opposite task can be fulfilled, to construct an evolution leading to a prescribed stationary state.

arXiv:0710.5385•Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical•Jan 29, 2008•60 citations

Quantum Zeno Effect in Open Quantum Systems

Simon Becker, Nilanjana Datta, Robert Salzmann

Abstract We prove the quantum Zeno effect in open quantum systems whose evolution, governed by quantum dynamical semigroups, is repeatedly and frequently interrupted by the action of a quantum operation. For the case of a quantum dynamical semigroup with a bounded generator, our analysis leads to a refinement of existing results and extends them to a larger class of quantum operations. We also prove the existence of a novel strong quantum Zeno limit for quantum operations for which a certain spectral gap assumption, which all previous results relied on, is lifted. The quantum operations are instead required to satisfy a weaker property of strong power-convergence. In addition, we establish, for the first time, the existence of a quantum Zeno limit for open quantum systems in the case of unbounded generators. We also provide a variety of physically interesting examples of quantum operations to which our results apply.

arXiv:2010.04121•Annales Henri Poincaré•Jun 5, 2021•14 citations
We provide two criteria on the existence of stationary states for quantum dynamical semigroups. The first one is based on the semigroup itself, while the second criterion is based on the generator which is in general unbounded and interpreted as a sesquilinear form. These results are illustrated by physical examples drawn from quantum optics.
Dynamical semigroups have become the key structure for describing open system dynamics in all of physics. Bounded generators are known to be of a standard form, due to Gorini, Kossakowski, Sudarshan and Lindblad. This form is often used also in the unbounded case, but rather little is known about the general form of unbounded generators. In this paper we first give a precise description of the standard form in the unbounded case, emphasizing intuition, and collecting and even proving the basic results around it. We also give a cautionary example showing that the standard form must not be read too naively. Further examples are given of semigroups, which appear to be probability preserving to first order, but are not for finite times. Based on these, we construct examples of generators which are not of standard form.
We introduce a notion of quasi-stationary state (QSS) in the context of quantum Markov semigroups that generalizes the one of quasi-stationary distribution in the case of classical Markov chains. We provide an operational interpretation of QSSs using the theory of direct and indirect quantum measurements. Moreover, we prove that there is a connection between QSSs and spectral properties of the quantum Markov semigroup. Finally, we discuss some examples which, despite their simplicity, already show interesting features.
Abstract We prove the quantum Zeno effect in open quantum systems whose evolution, governed by quantum dynamical semigroups, is repeatedly and frequently interrupted by the action of a quantum operation. For the case of a quantum dynamical semigroup with a bounded generator, our analysis leads to a refinement of existing results and extends them to a larger class of quantum operations. We also prove the existence of a novel strong quantum Zeno limit for quantum operations for which a certain spectral gap assumption, which all previous results relied on, is lifted. The quantum operations are instead required to satisfy a weaker property of strong power-convergence. In addition, we establish, for the first time, the existence of a quantum Zeno limit for open quantum systems in the case of unbounded generators. We also provide a variety of physically interesting examples of quantum operations to which our results apply.