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Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks

Further concepts in quantum mechanics and their application to many-electron atoms

David O Hayward

Published Nov 25, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1039/9781847551801-00114

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Quantum mechanics forms the basis of modern physics. In a sense it is the parent theory about which we construct our view of the physical world. Briefly, quantum mechanics is the theory by which we describe the behaviors of subatomic and atomic particles, such as electrons, of which the macroscopic world is made. Although it is not necessary to treat macroscopic objects by use of quantum mechanics, the laws of quantum mechanics and their implications are completely consistent with Newton's Laws of Motion, which we know are applicable to most macroscopic objects. As we will see below, Newton's Laws of Motion are a special subset of quantum mechanics; quantum mechanics reduces to Newton's Laws at macroscopic dimensions. Before we begin our study of quantum mechanics, it is of interest to explain why quantum mechanics is of importance in the study of modern electrical engineering. Many new areas of electrical engineering are based on developments that can be understood only through the use of quantum mechanics. Among these are the broad areas of semiconductors and solid-state electronic devices, electro-optics and lasers, superconductors. It would be fair to say that in the study of each of the above areas some knowledge of quantum mechanics is essential. In this book, some basic concepts in quantum mechanics are presented that are necessary in the study of the above-mentioned disciplines. Introduction The concept most basic toward the understanding of quantum mechanics is the concept of measurement.
The aim of the work is to show that the study of following properties of electrons in atoms: stability of motion, the Pauli exclusion principle; the effect of electrons state (singlet or triplet) in hydrogen atoms on creating from them of the hydrogen molecule, - can be carried out based on concepts of classical mechanics (forces, moments). The contemporary investigation of topic “The Properties of Electrons in Atoms” is based on concepts of quantum mechanics, in particular on notions of electron wave function having probabilistic character. However, it is very difficult to perform the exact description of deterministic processes from the standpoint of probability theory. It has been proven in this work that description of properties of electrons in atom may be performed with using the concept of virtual photons created by the considered electrons. The concept of virtual photons was developed by Nobel Prize winner R. Feynman in 1949; one of the main properties of virtual photons is their ability to interact with each other by electric dipole interaction. The virtual photon is a unique object: except deterministic characteristic-(electric dipole moment) it has one of the attributes of wave function of the quantum object that created the virtual photon: the size of virtual photon equals the wavelength of this quantum object wave function. This is the reason why the description of properties of electrons in atom based on the concept of virtual photon created by atomic electrons is in accordance with some conclusions of quantum mechanical description of those properties.