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Communications of the ACM

Programming the quantum future

Benoît Valiron, Neil J. Ross, Peter Selinger, D. Scott Alexander, Jonathan M. Smith

Published Jul 23, 2015• 43 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Quipper language offers a unified general-purpose programming framework for quantum computation.
DOI
10.1145/2699415

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In this paper we present a translation from the quantum programming language Quipper to the QPMC model checker, with the main aim of verifying Quipper programs. Quipper is an embedded functional programming language for quantum computation. It is above all a circuit description language, for this reason it uses the vector state formalism and its main purpose is to make circuit implementation easy providing high level operations for circuit manipulation. Quipper provides both an high-level circuit building interface and a simulator. QPMC is a model checker for quantum protocols based on the density matrix formalism. QPMC extends the probabilistic model checker IscasMC allowing to formally verify properties specified in the temporal logic QCTL on Quantum Markov Chains. We implemented and tested our translation on several quantum algorithms, including Grover's quantum search.
Quantum computing has seen multiple recent breakthroughs and is getting closer to demonstrations of an exponential advantage over classical computing for certain problems. Programmers will require high-level, general-purpose, executable programming languages to express quantum solutions clearly and effectively, and the field has already produced a wide variety of such languages. This paper presents a language classification framework and uses it to survey ten popular quantum programming languages. The findings include conceptual and experimental comparisons that result in a list of challenges for future language design.