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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Atomic Fermi gases with unequal spin populations

Meera M. Parish

Published Mar 14, 2006• 0 citations
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We investigate two-component attractive Fermi gases with imbalanced spin populations in trapped one-dimensional configurations. The ground state properties are determined with the local density approximation, starting from the exact Bethe-ansatz equations for the homogeneous case. We predict that the atoms are distributed according to a two-shell structure: a partially polarized phase in the center of the trap and either a fully paired or a fully polarized phase in the wings. The partially polarized core is expected to be a superfluid of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov type. The size of the cloud as well as the critical spin polarization needed to suppress the fully paired shell are calculated as a function of the coupling strength.
Atoms with different internal states can exhibit different responses to an artificial magnetic field. An atomic gas mixture of two different components can therefore be interpreted as a mixture of two atomic gases carrying different synthetic charges. We consider the superfluid state of such unequally charged Fermi gases coupled to a magnetic field via the orbital effect and trapped in a torus geometry. The orbital coupling to the magnetic field favors an inhomogeneous superfluid state with optimum finite-center-of-mass-momentum pairing. The resulting population-balanced orbital Fulde-Ferrell (FF) state is robust against the magnetic field and does not undergo pair breaking, unlike the conventional BCS and Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov-type pairing states under the Zeeman effect. We contrast the homogeneous and inhomogeneous cases, emphasizing the advantages of the unequally charged systems, and present their momentum distributions. We conclude that an unequally charged atomic Fermi gas system orbitally coupled to an artificial magnetic field provides an ideal candidate for experimental realization of the FF state.