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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Nonlinear behavior of lasers with different schemes of pumping

Gennady A. Koganov, R. Shuker

Published Nov 27, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given.The behavior of a laser intensity as a function of a pump rate is studied. We consider a three-level lasing scheme with two different types of pumping. In the first case, the lower lasing level is depleted to the ground state, and then the pumping is used to excite the atom from the ground state to the upper lasing level. In the second case the pumping is used to excite the atom directly from the lower lasing level to one of the excited states, which is then depleted to the upper lasing level. We refer these two types of pumping as type 1 and type 2, respectively. It is shown that although these two schemes are equivalent mathematically, i.e., they are formally described by the same set of equations, physically their dynamical properties are completely different. It is noted that the pumping of the type 1 does not affect either of lasing levels directly, whereas the pumping of the type 2 does connect the lower lasing level with one of the excited states. It is this difference of the two ways of pumping which is responsible for the crucial difference in the dynamic behavior of the lasing schemes of types 1 and 2.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.1998.680136

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Summary form only given.The behavior of a laser intensity as a function of a pump rate is studied. We consider a three-level lasing scheme with two different types of pumping. In the first case, the lower lasing level is depleted to the ground state, and then the pumping is used to excite the atom from the ground state to the upper lasing level. In the second case the pumping is used to excite the atom directly from the lower lasing level to one of the excited states, which is then depleted to the upper lasing level. We refer these two types of pumping as type 1 and type 2, respectively. It is shown that although these two schemes are equivalent mathematically, i.e., they are formally described by the same set of equations, physically their dynamical properties are completely different. It is noted that the pumping of the type 1 does not affect either of lasing levels directly, whereas the pumping of the type 2 does connect the lower lasing level with one of the excited states. It is this difference of the two ways of pumping which is responsible for the crucial difference in the dynamic behavior of the lasing schemes of types 1 and 2.
Bloch equations for the atomic population and the polarization/coherence and the equation of motion for the photon number in a laser are solved in steady state as a function of the pump rate. Two level atom and two modes of three levels atom are investigated. Close to threshold the usual linear dependence of the intensity on the pump rate in found for all cases. However, far above threshold strongly nonlinear dependence is encountered. In the cases for which the pump connects the lower lasing state to one of the excited states the character of the non-linearity differs crucially from the cases when the pump in not related directly to the lower lasing state. Non-monotonic dependence of laser intensity upon the pump rate is predicted. Detailed discussion of the nonlinear behavior is presented, including saturation and depletion effects.
A nonlinear theory of a noninversion laser of an open three-level system based on electromagnetically induced transparency is given. In this noninversion laser model, a nonselective pumping mechanism is used for obtaining lasing gain such that the population in the lower lasing level is always larger than a half of the total population no matter whether the driving field is on or off. In the lasing region, there is no direct pumping to the upper level. The conditions for the existence of a nontrivial and stable laser field are obtained. The dependence of the laser intensity on the intensity of the driving field and the ratio of the two decay rates from the upper level has been obtained, and the ways to obtain a large laser field have been studied.
A model of three-level laser, in which the pumping excites the atoms from the lower lasing level, is considered. The statistical properties of the field are calculated using full quantum treatment. It is shown that apart from threshold there is additional critical value of the pump rate, at which the laser field behaves in a phase-transition-like manner: the photon number drops down, the Fano factor has a strong peak, the relative photon number variance grows enormously, and the second-order coherence function jumps to 2, which is typical for thermal light.
The behavior of a pumped collection of identical three level atoms in which both the upper pair of levels and the lower pair of levels are coupled to resonant cavity-modes is analyzed. The cases of both incoherent pumping and coherent pumping are considered, and turn out to be qualitatively different. For the case of incoherent pumping, field oscillation can be sustained in only one of the modes, the behavior of the system being that of the familar three-level laser, with oscillation occuring between either the upper pair or lower pair of levels, depending on the relaxation constants. For the case of coherent pumping, however, oscillation can be obtained in both modes. Furthermore, this oscillation is different from that found in a parametric oscillator in the sense that, under certain conditions of operation, the phases of oscillation in the two cavities are independent. The potential application of such behavior is pointed out. (Author)
Dynamic properties of closed three-level laser systems are investigated. Two schemes of pumping---$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and V---are considered. It is shown that the nonlinear behavior of the photon number as a function of pump both near and far above threshold is crucially different for these two configurations. In particular, it is found that in the high pump regime laser can turn off in a phase-transition-like manner in both $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and V schemes.
We characterize analytically the nature of the lasing solutions of a laser operating without population inversion. We consider models involving three-level media interacting with a strong driving field and a lasing field in the vicinity of the lasing threshold. We assess the influence of different relaxation and pumping schemes on the dynamics of these lasers. We use the atom-field detuning, the cavity detuning, and the linear gain as bifurcation parameters. Depending on their values, the stable lasing solution is shown to be cw or self-pulsing. We show that the optimal lasing operation is achieved if both the driving field frequency and the cavity frequency are out of resonance with the atomic frequencies. Physically, the lasing regimes arise from nonlinearly interacting sidebands induced in the lasing medium by atomic interference.