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Effects of cooperative atomic behavior on lasers

I. R. Senitzky

Published Sep 1, 1978• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The behavior of a pumped collection of identical three level atoms in which both the upper pair of levels and the lower pair of levels are coupled to resonant cavity-modes is analyzed. The cases of both incoherent pumping and coherent pumping are considered, and turn out to be qualitatively different. For the case of incoherent pumping, field oscillation can be sustained in only one of the modes, the behavior of the system being that of the familar three-level laser, with oscillation occuring between either the upper pair or lower pair of levels, depending on the relaxation constants. For the case of coherent pumping, however, oscillation can be obtained in both modes. Furthermore, this oscillation is different from that found in a parametric oscillator in the sense that, under certain conditions of operation, the phases of oscillation in the two cavities are independent. The potential application of such behavior is pointed out. (Author)

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The behavior of a pumped collection of identical three level atoms in which both the upper pair of levels and the lower pair of levels are coupled to resonant cavity-modes is analyzed. The cases of both incoherent pumping and coherent pumping are considered, and turn out to be qualitatively different. For the case of incoherent pumping, field oscillation can be sustained in only one of the modes, the behavior of the system being that of the familar three-level laser, with oscillation occuring between either the upper pair or lower pair of levels, depending on the relaxation constants. For the case of coherent pumping, however, oscillation can be obtained in both modes. Furthermore, this oscillation is different from that found in a parametric oscillator in the sense that, under certain conditions of operation, the phases of oscillation in the two cavities are independent. The potential application of such behavior is pointed out. (Author)
Summary form only given.The behavior of a laser intensity as a function of a pump rate is studied. We consider a three-level lasing scheme with two different types of pumping. In the first case, the lower lasing level is depleted to the ground state, and then the pumping is used to excite the atom from the ground state to the upper lasing level. In the second case the pumping is used to excite the atom directly from the lower lasing level to one of the excited states, which is then depleted to the upper lasing level. We refer these two types of pumping as type 1 and type 2, respectively. It is shown that although these two schemes are equivalent mathematically, i.e., they are formally described by the same set of equations, physically their dynamical properties are completely different. It is noted that the pumping of the type 1 does not affect either of lasing levels directly, whereas the pumping of the type 2 does connect the lower lasing level with one of the excited states. It is this difference of the two ways of pumping which is responsible for the crucial difference in the dynamic behavior of the lasing schemes of types 1 and 2.
A theoretical model of a microscopic laser system incorporating two identical atoms coupled to a single resonator mode is investigated in detail. It is established that a dramatic improvement in laser quality results from the addition of a second atom into the cavity. The enhanced laser action, arising from a cavity-induced mutual atomic coherence, is inferred from comprehensive studies of the steady-state and dynamical properties of the cavity output field. Evidence of laser action is also found in the fluorescence field where position-dependent spectral profiles occur. Counterintuitively, we establish that antibunching phenomena in the fluorescence can be enhanced by incoherent pumping.
The coherent control of cooperative spontaneous emission from two identical non-overlapping three-level atoms in the V-configuration located within a photonic band gap (PBG) material with two resonant frequencies near the upper band edge of the PBG and confined to a region small in comparison to their radiation wavelengths but still greater than their atomic sizes is investigated. The dependencies of cooperative effects in which a photon emitted by one atom is reabsorbed by the other atom on the inter-atomic separation, on the initial state of the two-atom system, on the strength of the driving control laser field, and on the detuning of the atomic resonant frequencies from the upper band edge frequency is analyzed so as to identify the conditions for which these cooperative effects are enhanced or inhibited. Cooperative effects between atoms are shown to be influenced more by the PBG than by the nature of the atomic transitions involved. Excited state populations as well as coherences between excited levels are expressed in terms of time-dependent amplitudes which are shown to satisfy coupled integro-differential equations for which analytic solutions are derived under special conditions. Unlike for the case of one atom in a PBG where the fractional non-zero steady state populations on the excited levels as well as the coherence between the excited levels are constants independent of time, in the case of two atoms in PBG these quantities continuously oscillate as a manifestation of beating due to the continuous exchange between the two atoms of the photon trapped by the PBG. The values of these quantities as well as the amplitudes and frequencies of their oscillations depend of the parameters of the system, providing different ways of manipulating the system. The general formalism presented here is shown to recapture the special results of investigations of similar systems in free space when the non-Markovian memory kernels of the PBG are replaced by delta function dependent Markovian memory kernels.
Numerical researches of the three-level atomic system on supervision of pulse and spectrum dynamics of superfluorescence are carried out at incoherent pumping depending on nonradiation relaxations, on influence of phase relaxations are shown. Pulse and spectrum dynamics of induced superradiation depending on the area and duration of input pulse at incoherent pumping, with and without taking into account phase relaxations, are investigated. Depending on media parameters different modes of induced superradiation are researched.
We investigate a single-atom nondegenerate cascade laser model, based on a coherently pumped three-level atom coupled to two independently damped cavity modes. We show that while many features predicted within a recently proposed N-atom superradiant laser model [F. Haake et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 995 (1993)] can readily be obtained in the single-atom case, some of the quantum noise properties are significantly different. The influence of spontaneous decay and nonadiabatic effects due to the finite spectral width of the lower cavity mode are discussed. Finally, we show that the present model has a large potential for the stationary preparation of various nonclassical states of the atom-field system.